Classification and staging of Parkinson's disease using video-based eye tracking
- PMID: 36822878
- DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105316
Classification and staging of Parkinson's disease using video-based eye tracking
Abstract
Introduction: 83% of those diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease (PD) eventually progress to PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) followed by dementia (PDD) - suggesting a complex spectrum of pathology concomitant with aging. Biomarkers sensitive and specific to this spectrum are required if useful diagnostics are to be developed that may supplement current clinical testing procedures. We used video-based eye tracking and machine learning to develop a simple, non-invasive test sensitive to PD and the stages of cognitive dysfunction.
Methods: From 121 PD (45 Cognitively Normal/45 MCI/20 Dementia/11 Other) and 106 healthy controls, we collected video-based eye tracking data on an interleaved pro/anti-saccade task. Features of saccade, pupil, and blink behavior were used to train a classifier to predict confidence scores for PD/PD-MCI/PDD diagnosis.
Results: The Receiver Operator Characteristic Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) of the classifier was 0.88, with the cognitive-dysfunction subgroups showing progressively increased AUC, and the AUC of PDD being 0.95. The classifier reached a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 78%. The confidence scores predicted PD motor and cognitive performance scores.
Conclusion: Biomarkers of saccade, pupil, and blink were extracted from video-based eye tracking to create a classifier with high sensitivity to the landscape of PD cognitive and motor dysfunction. A complex landscape of PD is revealed through a quick, non-invasive eye tracking task and our model provides a framework for such a task to be used as a supplementary screening tool in the clinic.
Keywords: Blink; Classification; Dementia; Functional data analysis; Machine learning; Parkinson's disease; Pupil; Saccade.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of competing interest None'.
Comment in
-
Sacades, pupils and blink tracking: More than meets the eye in the Parkinson's disease cognitive spectrum?Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2023 May;110:105363. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105363. Epub 2023 Mar 8. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2023. PMID: 36966052 No abstract available.
Similar articles
-
A time-efficient screening tool for activities of daily living functions in Parkinson's disease dementia.J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2020 Oct;42(8):867-879. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1825634. Epub 2020 Oct 12. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2020. PMID: 33043797
-
Diagnosis of possible mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: validity of the SCOPA-Cog.Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013 Dec;19(12):1160-3. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.08.008. Epub 2013 Aug 22. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013. PMID: 24011719
-
Cognitive profiles and optimal cut-offs for routine cognitive tests in elderly individuals with Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and normal cognition.Psychogeriatrics. 2020 Jan;20(1):20-27. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12451. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Psychogeriatrics. 2020. PMID: 30912230
-
Meta-Analysis of Cognition in Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Progression.Neuropsychol Rev. 2022 Mar;32(1):149-160. doi: 10.1007/s11065-021-09502-7. Epub 2021 Apr 16. Neuropsychol Rev. 2022. PMID: 33860906 Review.
-
[Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease].Brain Nerve. 2012 Dec;64(12):1365-75. Brain Nerve. 2012. PMID: 23209063 Review. Japanese.
Cited by
-
The Selective Social Attention task in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC-CT) feasibility study.Autism Res. 2023 Nov;16(11):2150-2159. doi: 10.1002/aur.3026. Epub 2023 Sep 25. Autism Res. 2023. PMID: 37749934 Free PMC article.
-
Oculometric measures as a tool for assessment of clinical symptoms and severity of Parkinson's disease.J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2023 Oct;130(10):1241-1248. doi: 10.1007/s00702-023-02681-y. Epub 2023 Aug 9. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2023. PMID: 37553460 Free PMC article.
-
Eye movement function captured via an electronic tablet informs on cognition and disease severity in Parkinson's disease.Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 20;14(1):9082. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59750-9. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38643273 Free PMC article.
-
Noradrenergic modulation of saccades in Parkinson's disease.Brain Commun. 2024 Sep 1;6(5):fcae297. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae297. eCollection 2024. Brain Commun. 2024. PMID: 39464213 Free PMC article.
-
Digital biomarkers for precision diagnosis and monitoring in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Aug 21;7(1):218. doi: 10.1038/s41746-024-01217-2. NPJ Digit Med. 2024. PMID: 39169258 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical