Abstract
Background and Objective: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is rare, but represents the deadliest type of thyroid cancer that is characterised by a rapid course. Diagnosis is usually made at a late stage, when more than half of the patients have distant metastasis. Our main purpose is to review the current information on anaplastic thyroid aetiology and risk factors that might contribute to an earlier diagnosis as well as to give new perspectives regarding the most recent treatment options and future directions.
Results: The treatment options are mainly palliative and lack efficacy. In particular, the multikinase inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors and other directed agents aim to stabilize the tumour growth and might enable a radical surgery with curative intent.
Conclusion: With the mutational landscape investigation and the discovery of new targets, new directed treatments are being tried. Considering the current tendency to be more conservative regarding the multinodular goiter approach and some differentiated thyroid carcinomas treatment, it is vital to understand that it might evolve to anaplastic cancers.
Keywords: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, aetiology, prognostic factors, risk factors, treatment, new approaches.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Association between Diabetes Mellitus and natural product complementary applications: State of the arts
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The increasing prevalence of DM, alongside its associated complications, has prompted researchers and healthcare professionals to explore a variety of management strategies beyond conventional pharmacotherapy. Among these ...read more
Chronic inflammation and Disorders/Cancers
Chronic inflammation is fundamental cause of variety of disorders. Many lifestyle-related diseases including metabolic syndrome, obesity, impairment of immune responses, sepsis, mental illness, and other disorders are caused by chronic inflammation. Prevention of chronic inflammation is related to antiaging effects of our body. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α is associated ...read more
Immune defense of the blood-tissue barriers which are related to drugs, metabolic and hormones
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