'Project Einstein' aims to identify the genotypes of prominent mathematicians (Nature 502, 602–603; 2013), but it needs to be underpinned by an accurate definition of the mathematical-genius phenotype.

Basic mathematical competence is judged according to numeracy and arithmetical skills. Advanced ability is less easily delineated; genius-level mathematical ability is even harder to define. Advanced mathematics encompasses diverse elements such as sophisticated abstract thought, statistical know-how, raw computation, geometric awareness, imagination, lateral thinking, logic and philosophy. Moreover, proficiency in all of these areas has yet to be properly quantified in terms of inherent versus learned ability.

So the genetic heterogeneity studied through gene sequencing is unlikely to arrive at a 'mathematical-genius genome'. Such studies may, however, shed light on frequently associated neurodevelopmental conditions (see, for example, S. Baron-Cohen et al. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 31, 5–17; 2001).