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Optimized Placement of Distributed Generator in Radial Distribution System Using Whale Optimization Technique

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Abstract

The optimized placement and size of the distributed generation (DGs) for multi-objectives are the goals of this research work. Whale Optimization technique (WOT) algorithms provide an efficient and faster computation than its counterpart. It does this by proposing a new application of the WOT. Power loss reduction and enhancement of voltage profile are the two key objectives along with the load models that must adhere to inequality and equality criteria. This methodology has been applied to IEEE_33 bus standard test system. The power flow analysis has been done by the Forward/backward sweep method. The minimum power losses obtained in the CZ load model after the insertion of DG’s among all models are 30.8 kW and 22.27 kVAR for active and reactive power, respectively. The results of the simulation show that the proposed approach is efficient and successfully adopted in power networks to address the optimal DG siting and sizing issue.

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Abbreviations

RDS:

Radial distribution system

DG:

Distributed generators

WOT:

Whale optimization technique

ESS:

Energy storage system

BCBV:

Branch current bus voltage

BIBC:

Bus ınjection branch current

DLF:

Distribution load flow

IPSO:

Improved-particle swarm optimization

DSO:

Distribution system operator

CI:

Constant current

CP:

Constant power

CZ:

Constant ımpedance

ZIP:

Impedance, current and power

\(P_{Loss}\) :

Power loss in the system

FB-S:

Forward–backward sweep power flow

\(R_{i}\) :

Resistance at \(i\,{\text{th}}\) bus

\(I_{i}\) :

Current at \(i\,{\text{th}}\) bus

\(P_{DG,i} ,Q_{DG,i}\) :

DG’s active and reactive power at \(i\,{\text{th}}\) bus

\(P_{D,i} ,Q_{D,i}\) :

Active and reactive power demand at \(i\,{\text{th}}\) bus

\(P_{D,j,} Q_{D,j}\) :

Active and reactive power demand at \(j\,{\text{th}}\) bus

\(P_{i} ,Q_{i} ,P_{j} ,Q_{j}\) :

Active and Reactive power at \(i\,{\text{th}}\) and \(j\,{\text{th}}\) bus

\(v_{\min } ,v_{\max }\) :

Minimum and maximum voltages

\(V_{i}^{\kappa } ,I_{i}^{\kappa }\) :

Voltage and current injection at \(i\,{\text{th}}\) node for \({\text{k}}\,{\text{th}}\) iteration

\(\psi\) :

Limitof tolerance

\(Z_{(i - 1),i}\) :

Branch impedance linking node i with its nearest upstream node

\(I_{\min } ,I_{\max }\) :

Minimum and maximum currents

\(P_{k,L,} Q_{k,L}\) :

Active and reactive power losses

\(U,W\) :

Position of whale

\(P_{s} ,Q_{s}\) :

Slack’s bus active and reactive power

\(\overline{d}\) :

Distance between whale and prey

\(\overline{\rho }\) :

Coefficient vector

\(\overline{U}^{*} (\tau )\) :

Updated position of the vector

\(S_{i}\) :

Complex power

m:

Uniformly distributed numbers between {0,1}

\(\overline{U}_{\rho }\) :

The randomly chosen position vector of the whale

\(U\) :

Position vector

\(V_{i - 1} \angle (i - 1)\) :

Sending end voltage at (i-1)th bus

\(\omega_{0} ,\omega_{1} ,\omega_{2}\) :

Active power coefficients of composite load models

\(\lambda_{0} ,\lambda_{1} ,\lambda_{2}\) :

Reactive power coefficients of composite load models

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

    Shweta Mehroliya & Anoop Arya

  2. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Anshul Verma

  3. Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha, India

    Shilpi Tomar

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This article is part of the topical collection “Research Trends in Computational Intelligence” guest edited by Anshul Verma, Pradeepika Verma, Vivek Kumar Singh and S. Karthikeyan.

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Mehroliya, S., Arya, A., Verma, A. et al. Optimized Placement of Distributed Generator in Radial Distribution System Using Whale Optimization Technique. SN COMPUT. SCI. 4, 626 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02067-7

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