Extraction of the magnetohydrodynamic blood flow potential from the surface electrocardiogram in magnetic resonance imaging | Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Extraction of the magnetohydrodynamic blood flow potential from the surface electrocardiogram in magnetic resonance imaging

  • Technical Note
  • Published:
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The magnetohydrodynamic effect generates voltages related to blood flow, which are superimposed on the electrocardiogram (ECG) used for gating during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A method is presented for extracting the magnetohydrodynamic signal from the ECG. The extracted magnetohydrodynamic blood flow potential may be physiologically meaningful due to its relationship to blood flow. Removal of the magnetohydrodynamic voltages from the ECG can potentially lead to improved gating and diagnostically useful ECGs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Japan)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Abbreviations

MHD:

Magnetohydrodynamic

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

PC:

Phase contrast

GRE:

Gradient echo

References

  1. Crowe ME, Larson AC, Zhang Q, Carr J, White RD, Li D, Simonetti OP (2004) Automated rectilinear self-gated cardiac cine imaging. Magn Reson Med 52:782–788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Dimick RN, Hedlund LW, Herfkens RJ, Fram EK, Utz J (1987) Optimizing electrocardiograph electrode placement for cardiac-gated magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 22:17–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Fischer SE, Wickline SA, Lorenz CH (1999) Novel real-time R-wave detection algorithm based on the vectorcardiogram for accurate gated magnetic resonance acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 42:361–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Guyton AC, Hall JE (2000) Textbook of medical physiology, 10th edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  5. Larson AC, White RD, Laub G, McVeigh ER, Li D, Simonetti OP (2004) Self-gated cardiac cine MRI. Magn Reson Med 51:93–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Pan J, Tompkins WJ (1985) A real-time QRS detection algorithm. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 32:230–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Slocum J, Byrom E, McCarthy L, Sahakian AV, Swiryn S (1985) Computer-detection of atrioventricular dissociation from surface electrocardiograms during wide QRS complex tachycardias. Circulation 72:1028–1036

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sola S, White RD, Desai M (2006) MRI of the heart: Promises fulfilled? Cleve Clin J Med 73:663–670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tenforde TS, Gaffey CT, Moyer BR, Budinger TF (1983) Cardiovascular alterations in Macaca monkeys exposed to stationary magnetic fields: experimental observations and theoretical analysis. Bioelectromag 4:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tenforde TS (2005) Magnetically induced electric fields and currents in the circulatory system. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 87:279–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Togawa T, Okai O, Oshima M (1967) Observation of blood flow e.m.f. in externally applied strong magnetic field by surface electrodes. Med Biol Eng 5:169–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This material is based upon work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, NIH HL079148, and a grant from the Dr. Scholl Foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    Grace M. Nijm, Steven Swiryn, Andrew C. Larson & Alan V. Sahakian

  2. HeartCare Midwest, Peoria, IL, USA

    Steven Swiryn

  3. Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA

    Andrew C. Larson

  4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA

    Andrew C. Larson & Alan V. Sahakian

Authors
  1. Grace M. Nijm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Steven Swiryn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrew C. Larson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alan V. Sahakian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alan V. Sahakian.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nijm, G.M., Swiryn, S., Larson, A.C. et al. Extraction of the magnetohydrodynamic blood flow potential from the surface electrocardiogram in magnetic resonance imaging. Med Biol Eng Comput 46, 729–733 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-008-0307-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-008-0307-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation