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RIS-aided NOMA with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting Under Channel State Error and Nakagami-m Fading: Performance Evaluation

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Abstract

Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is used to superpose multifarious user signals for concurrent transmission, enhancing spectral efficiency. Additionally, wireless energy sources neighbouring the NOMA sender are utilized for enhanced energy efficiency. Practically, nonlinear energy harvesting (nlEH) circuits reflect faithfully characteristics of components implementing these circuits. In addition, reflected intelligent surface (RIS) is helpful with a role of the relay to maintain communication from the NOMA sender to the far NOMA recipient. However, challenges in RIS-aided NOMA with nlEH (RISaNOMAwEH) include channel state error (CSE) and fading severity. These factors directly impact harvested energy and communication reliability. As such, this paper analyzes their influences on the RISaNOMAwEH through three pivotal metrics (total throughput, outage probability, energy efficiency) under practical considerations like the nlEH, the CSE, and relatively-general fading (Nakagami-m). Demonstrative results reveal that the CSE, the fading severity m, and the quantity of the reflectors of the RIS drastically impact these metrics whereas the nlEH slightly influences them. Remarkably, the RISaNOMAwEH can conduct the prevention of complete outage through proper adoption of required spectral efficiency (R), time splitting factor \((\eta )\), and power splitting coefficient. Moreover, optimum metrics are achieved with the optimal configuration of parameters \((R, \eta )\). Furthermore, the proposed scheme dramatically outperforms a benchmark scheme (RIS-aided orthogonal multiple access (OMA) with nlEH) in various parameter configurations, highlighting the benefits of NOMA over OMA.

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Data Availability

All data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Notes

  1. One notes that most previous works (e.g. [22,23,24,25]) conducted the performance analysis for integer values of m in order to attain tractable analysis. Our research generalizes the performance analysis with arbitrary values of m.

  2. The paper adopts the NOMA for each group of two terminals, a choice motivated by previous studies indicating that accreting the number of terminals in each cluster can be intricate and inefficacious [36, 37]. Also, the 3GPP-LTE-A has already encompassed two-terminal NOMA [38, 39]. Notwithstanding, the paper does not delve into the specifics of how to cluster these two terminals, acknowledging that this aspect falls outside the scope of the paper. Interested researchers are directed to consult other references (e.g. [4, 40,41,42,43]) for a more comprehensive understanding of this topic.

  3. SINR indicates signal to interference plus noise ratio.

  4. This research investigates the context in which the NT conducts the recovery of \(x_n\) merely if it has exactly decoded \(x_f\). The specific condition for verifying whether the NT has successfully restored \(x_f\) is going to be presented. As a consequence of the exact recovery of \(x_f\), the interference that was present in the NT’s received signal after suppressing \(x_f\) will be no longer available.

  5. SNR indicates signal to noise ratio.

  6. Total throughput is the throughput of the NT plus that of the FT.

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Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the support of time and facilities from Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM, for this study.

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  1. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, District 10

    Khuong Ho-Van

  2. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Khuong Ho-Van

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Ho-Van, K. RIS-aided NOMA with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting Under Channel State Error and Nakagami-m Fading: Performance Evaluation. Wireless Pers Commun 135, 1397–1422 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11088-1

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