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A Medical Image Watermarking System Based on Redundant Wavelets for Secure Transmission in Telemedicine Applications

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Abstract

By incorporating a signature into multimedia files, notably pictures, watermarking is a technique for preventing destructive attacks. Inversely, traditional watermarking techniques have limitations when it comes to sensitive images like those used in the medical field. In fact, the additional mark frequently alters the image permanently and may hide subtle characteristics. In this study, we provide a watermarking method for patient identification and watermark integrity verification to address these problems. In this procedure, the patient's encrypted photo is included in the second section of the watermark, which also carries the patient's information fingerprint. In this method, the frequency content of the image is extracted using a redundant discrete wavelet transform. Then, the coefficients are subjected to Schur decomposition, and the watermark bits are integrated by altering the Eigen values' least significant bit. This method's capacity enables the integration of the patient's fingerprint and photo as well as the addition of an error-correcting code. The watermark could be nearly totally concealed due to the coefficient modulation of the integration process. As a result, we were able to produce a watermarked image that was similar to the original in terms of the structure. The effectiveness of the approach as well as its resilience to JPEG compression and noise addition were assessed through experiments on test images. However, these outcomes occasionally deviate from the ideal value of 1 for normalized correlation.

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Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study could be found freely here: https://odir2019.grand-challenge.org/

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by “La Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique (DGRSDT)” of Algeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology Laboratory (LINATI), Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    Amine Khaldi

  2. Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Electronics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    Kafi Mohamed Redouane

  3. LSEM Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria

    Maghni Bilel

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  1. Amine Khaldi
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Correspondence to Amine Khaldi.

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Khaldi, A., Redouane, K.M. & Bilel, M. A Medical Image Watermarking System Based on Redundant Wavelets for Secure Transmission in Telemedicine Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 132, 823–839 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10636-5

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