Terahertz Graphene Based Metamaterial Transmitarray | Wireless Personal Communications Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Terahertz Graphene Based Metamaterial Transmitarray

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper introduces a graphene metamaterial (GMM) transmitarray designed for terahertz applications. The unit-cell element is a multilayered metamaterial structure of a graphene split ring resonator with two variable gaps. The metamaterial properties of the unit-cell element are investigated from 0.74 to 0.94 THz for different conductivities of the graphene material. A parametric study of the transmission properties of the metamaterial unit-cell element is investigated. The radiation characteristics of 169 unit-cell elements of the three layers GMM transmitarrays are analyzed for different applied DC voltages. The gain and side-lobe level of the proposed transmitarray are improved by using an averaging process on the transmission phase used for array construction. The transmitarray introduces a high gain of about 18.5 dB at frequencies 0.83, 0.85 and 0.88 THz for chemical potentials μc = 0.4, 0.5 and 0.8 eV, respectively. A full wave simulation is used to design and analyze the radiation characteristics of the graphene based metamaterial transmitarray.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Japan)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Song, H.-J., & Nagatsuma, T. (2015). Handbook of terahertz technologies: Devices and applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhang, X. C. (2002). Terahertz wave imaging: Horizons and hurdles. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 47(21), 3667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kawase, K., Ogawa, Y., Watanabe, Y., & Inoueet, H. (2003). Non-destructive terahertz imaging of illicit drugs using spectral fingerprints. Optics Express, 11(20), 2549–2554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Shelton, D. (2010). Tunable infrared metamaterials. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA.

  5. Tao, H., Bingham, C. M., Strikwerda, A. C., Pilon, D., Shrekenhamer, D., Landy, N. I., et al. (2008). Highly flexible wide angle of incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber: Design, fabrication, and characterization. Physical Review B, 78(24), 241103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Grant, J., Ma, Y., Saha, S., Khalid, A., & Cumming, D. (2011). Polarization insensitive, broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber. Optics Letters, 36(17), 3476–3478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, B. X., Zhai, X., Wang, G. Z., & Huang, W. Q. (2015). A novel dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber for a sensor application. Journal of Applied Physics, 117(1), 014504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chiam, S. Y., Singh, R., Rockstuhl, C., Lederer, F., Zhang, W., Chiam, S.-Y., et al. (2009). Analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency in a terahertz metamaterial. Physical Review B, 80(15), 153103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Choi, W., & Lee, J. (2012). Graphene: Synthesis and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bao, W. (2012). Electrical and mechanical properties of graphene. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California Riverside, USA.

  11. Hanson, G. W. (2008). Dyadic green’s functions for an anisotropic, non-local model of biased graphene. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 56(3), 747–757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Rouhi, N., Capdevila, S., Jain, D., Zand, K., Wang, Y., Brown, E., et al. (2012). Terahertz graphene optics. Nano Research Journal, 5(10), 667–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tamagnone, M., Gómez-Díaz, J. S., Mosig, J. R., & Perruisseau-Carrier, J. (2012). Analysis and design of terahertz antennas based on plasmonic resonant graphene sheets. Journal of Applied Physics, 112(11), 114915.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Malhat, H. A., & Zainud-Deen, S. H. (2015). Equivalent circuit with frequency independent lumped elements for plasmonic graphene patch antenna using particle swarm optimization technique. Wireless Personal Communications, 85(4), 1851–1867.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu, L., & Hattori, H. T. (2015). Tunable terahertz metamaterials based on ultra-subwavelength graphene-dielectric structures. In 20th microoptics conference, Fukuoka (pp. 1–2).

  16. Gaber, S. M., Zainud-Deen, S. H., Malhat, Hend A., & Awadalla, K. H. (2014). Analysis and design of reflectarrays/transmitarrays antennas. Saarbrücken: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zainud-Deen, S. H., Hassan, W., & Malhat, H. A. (2016). Bi-function multi-beam graphene lens antenna for terahertz applications. Wireless Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 36–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Malhat, H. A., Zainud-Deen, S. H., & Gaber, S. M. (2014). Graphene based transmitarray for terahertz applications. Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, 36, 185–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu, L., & Hattori, H. T. (2005). Tunable terahertz metamaterials based on ultra-subwavelength graphene-dielectric structures. In 20th Microoptics conference (MOC), Fukuoka (pp. 1–2).

  20. El-Araby, H. A., Malhat, H. A., & Zainud-Deen, S. H. (2017). Performance of nanoantenna-coupled geometric diode with infrared radiation. In IEEE 34th national radio science conference (NRSC) (pp. 15–21).

  21. Reis, J., Al-Daher, R. Z., Copner, N., Caldeirinha, R., Fernandes, T. (2015). Two-dimensional antenna beamsteering using metamaterial transmitarray. In 9th IEEE european conference on antennas and propagation (pp. 1–5).

  22. Maruyama, T., Furuno, T., Oda, Y., Shen, J., & Kayama, H. (2011). Study of frequency band width for multi-layer mushroom reflectarray with parasitic patches. In IEEE international symposium on antennas and propagation (APSURSI) (pp. 691–694).

  23. Abdollahramezani, S., Arik, K., Farajollahi, S., Khavasi, A., & Kavehvash, Z. (2015). Beam manipulating by gate-tunable graphene- based metasurfaces. In 23rd iranian conference electrical engineering (ICEE) (pp. 534–539).

  24. Foo, S. (2006). Metamaterial-based transmitarray for orthogonal beam-space massive-MIMO. In 10th european conference on antennas and propagation (EuCAP) (pp. 1–5).

  25. Zainud-Deen, S. H., Mabrouk, A. M., & Malhat, H. A. (2017). Frequency tunable graphene metamaterial reflectarray. In XXXII international union of radio science general assembly & scientific symposium, Canada.

  26. Marklein, R. (2002). The finite integration technique as a general tool to compute acoustic, electromagnetic, elastodynamic, and coupled wave fields (pp. 201–244). New York: IEEE Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt

    Saber Helmy Zainud-Deen & Hend Abd El-Azem Malhat

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Mabrouk

Authors
  1. Saber Helmy Zainud-Deen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed M. Mabrouk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hend Abd El-Azem Malhat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hend Abd El-Azem Malhat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zainud-Deen, S.H., Mabrouk, A.M. & Malhat, H.A.EA. Terahertz Graphene Based Metamaterial Transmitarray. Wireless Pers Commun 100, 1235–1248 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5630-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5630-8

Keywords