Abstract
Face and emotion recognition is still an open and very challenging problem. This paper presents a system FEAST which is an intelligent control system of Smart Tablets. It involves manipulating user sessions to adapt the working environment to his emotional state. First, a face detection followed by face and emotion recognition is performed, then a profile change is made basing on the obtained results. The face detection is based on skin color and geometric moments and face recognition is done by merging two features spaces, namely, Zernike moments and EAR-LBP. A feature selection technique reducing the parameter space size is applied. The same parameters are used for the emotion recognition.










Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alastair JG, Darren G, Robert MF, Jon O (2008) Emotion rating from short blog texts. In Proceedings of CHI Florence, Italy
Aouatif A, Rziza M, Driss A (2008) SVM-based face recognition using genetic search for frequency-feature subset selection. Image Signal Process Lect Notes Comput Sci 5099:321–328
Ayadi ME, Kamel MS, Karray F (2011) Survey on speech emotion recognition: features, classification schemes, and databases. Pattern Recogn 44:572–587
Black MJ, Yacoob Y (1995) Tracking and recognizing rigid and non-rigid facial motions using local parametric model of image motion. Proc Int Conf Comput Vision IEEE Comput Soc 374–381
Burgoon JK, Jensen ML, Meservy TO, Kruse J, Nunamaker JF (2005) Augmenting human identification of emotional states in video. Intelligence Analysis Conference, McClean
Camurri A, Lagerlof I, Volpe G (2003) Recognizing emotion from dance movement: comparison of spectator recognition and automated techniques. Int J Hum Comput Stud 59(1–2):213225
Canny J (1986) A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 8(6):679–698
Carlo S, Rada (2008) Learning to identify emotions in text. In SAC 08, Fortaleza
Cristian XR, Rainer L (2012) A survey on visual adult image recognition. Multimed Tools Appl
Crowley K, Sliney A, Pitt I, Murphy D (2010) Evaluating a brain-computer interface to categorize human emotional response, advanced learning technologies (ICALT). IEEE Int Conf 276–278
Ekman P, Friesen WV (1978) Facial action coding system: a technique for measure-ment of facial movement. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto
Erik H, Boon KL (2001) Face Detection. Surv Comput Vision Image Underst 83:236–274
Frank YS, Chao-Fa C (2004) Automatic extraction of head and face boundaries and facial features. Inf Sci 158:117–130
Gunes H, Piccardi M (2006) A bimodal face and body gesture database for automatic analysis of human nonverbal affective behavior. Proc ICPR Int Conf Pattern Recogn 1:1148–1153
Gyu-Tae P, Bien Z (2000) Neural network-based fuzzy observer with application to facial analysis. Pattern Recogn Lett 21(1):93105
Haapalainen E, Kim S, Forlizzi JF, Dey AK (2010) Psycho-physiological measures for assessing cognitive load. Proc ACM Int Conf Ubiquit Comput ACM 301–310
Han CC, Liao HYM, Chung Yu K, Chen LH (1997) Fast face detection via morphology-based pre-processing. In: Lecture notes in computer science 1311. Springer, Berlin, p 469476
Hong P, Siyu X, Lizuo J, Liangzheng X (2011) Efficient face recognition fusing Dy-namic morphological quotient image with local binary pattern. IWANN Part II LNCS 6692:228–235
Hua Y, Yihua C, Hang S, Yawen F (2012) The large-scale crowd analysis based on sparse spatial-temporal local binary pattern. Mutimed Tools Appl
Jae-Kyung K, Won-Sung S, YangSun L (2012) Advanced knowledge sharing strategies based on learning style similarity for smart education. Comput Appl Biotechnol Multimed Ubiquit City 353:141–148
James. J, Anurag R, Jestin J (2012) Architecture for secure tablet integration in automotive network. Proceedings of the FISITA
Javad H, Karim F, Madjid A (2003) An efficient human face recognition system using pseudo Zernike moment invariant and radial basis function neural network. Int J Pattern Recogn 17:41–62
Jen-Da S, Shyi-Ming C (2007) Feature subset selection based on fuzzy entropy measures for handling classification problems. Appl Intell 28:69–82
Jingru WM, Guangzheng WY (1999) Knowledge-based edge detection and feature extraction of human-face organs. Pattern Recogn Artif Intell 12(3):340346
Kapur A, Kapur A, Babul NV, Tzanetakis G, Driessen PF (2005) Gesture-based af-fective computing on motion capture data. In: ACII 17
Karin S, Loannis P (1997) A fully automated approach to facial feature detection and tracking. Int Work Audio and Video Biom Person Authentification (AVBPA)
Lai JH, Yuen PC, FENG GC (2001) Face recognition using holistic fourier invariant features. Pattern Recogn 34(1):95109
Lanitis A, Taylor CJ, Cootes TF (1995) An automatic face identification system using flexible appearance models. Image Vision Comput 13(5):393–401
Le Hoai B, Nguyen AT (2005) Using rough Set in feature selection and reduction in face recognition problem. Adv Knowl Discov Data Min Lect Notes Comput Sci 3518:226–233
Le HT, Nguyen DTN, Tran SH (2011) A facial expression classification system integrating canny principal component analysis and artificial neural network. Int J Mach Learn Comput 1(4)
Leonardis A, Bischof H (2000) Robust recognition using Eigen images. Comput Vision Image Underst 78(1):99118
Mase K (1991) Recognition of facial expression from optical flow. IEICE Trans 74(10):34743483
Michal K (2010) Energy-based blob analysis for improving precision of skin segmentation. Multimed Tools Appl 49:463–481
Nefian AV, Monson H, Hayes III (1998) Face detection and recognition using hidden Markov models. ICIP 1:141–145
New T, Foo S, DeSilva L (2003) Speech emotion recognition using hidden Markov models. Speech Comm 41:603623
Niemann H (1990) Pattern analysis and understanding. Springer, Verlag
Nikolaidis A, Pitas I (2000) Facial feature extraction and pose determination. Pattern Recogn 33(5):17831791
Ojala T, Pietikainen M, Harwood D (1996) A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on feature distribution. Pattern Recogn 29(1):51–59
Osuna E, Freund R, Girosi F (1997)Training support vector machines, an application to face detection. Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vision Pattern Recogn 130–136
Pei-zhi C, Shui-li CA (2010) New face recognition algorithm based on DCT and LBP
Pfurtscheller G, Neuper C (2001) Motor imagery and direct brain-computer communi-cation. Proc IEEE 89:1123–1134
Pitas I, Tsekeridou S (1998) Facial feature extraction in frontal views using biometric analogies. In: Proc of EUSIPCO 315–318
Pitas I, Venetsanopoulos AN (1990) Non linear digital filters: Principles and Applica-tions. Kluwer Academic publisher
Rowley HA, Baluja S, Kanade T (1998) Neural network-based face detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 20(1):2338
Ryu YS, Oh SY (2001) Automatic extraction of Eye and mouth fields from a face Im-age using Eigen features and multilayer perceptirons. Pattern Recogn 34(8):24592466
Satyanadh G, Vijayan A (2007) Selection for improved face recognition in multisensor images. Signals Comm Technol 109–120
Schneiderman H, Kenade T (1998) Probabilistic modeling of local appearance and spatial relationships for object recognition. Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput Vision Pattern Recogn 4551
Shenghua B, Shengliang X, Li Z, Rong Yan, Zhong S, Dingyi H, Yong Y (2012) Mining social emotions from affective text. In: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 24(9)
Shizhi C, YingLi T, Qingshan L, Dimitris NM (2011) Recognizing expressions from face and body gesture by temporal normalized motion and appearance features. Comput Vision Pattern Recogn Work (CVPRW)
Sung KK (1996) Learning and example selection for object and pattern detection. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Taskeed J, Md. Hasanul K, Oksam C (2010) Robust facial expression recognition based on local directional pattern. ETRI J 32(5)
Tefas A, Kotropoulos C, Pitas I (2001) Using support vector machines to enhance the performance of elastic graph matching for frontal face authentication. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 23(7):735746
Tian YL, Kanade T, Cohn J (2000) Recognizing lower face action units for facial expression analysis. Proc IEEE Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recogn 484–490
Turk M, Pentland A (1991) Eigenfaces for recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 3(1):7186
Venugopal KR, Patnaik LM (2012) Automatic facial expression. Recog AR-LBP ICIP CCIS 292:244–252
Wan-zeng K, Shan-an Z (2007) Multi-face detection based on down sampling and modi-fied subtractive clustering for color images. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 8(1):7278
Xin-Mao H, Yi C (2013) Using homography relationship for auto-calibration in mobile smart-project device system. Multimed Tools Appl. doi:10.1007/s11042-013-1783-3
Yacoob Y, Davis L (1994) Computing spatio-temporal representations of human faces. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Proceedings CVPR ’94, IEEE Computer Society Conference 70–75
Yang MH, Kriegman D, Ahuja N (2002) Detecting faces in images: a survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(1):3458
Yang MH, Kriegman D, Ahuja N (2002) Detecting faces in images: A survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(1):34–58
Yazhou L, Hongxun Y, Wen G, Debin Z (2005) Illumination invariant feature selection for face recognition, advances in multimedia information processing—PCM. Lect Notes Comput Sci 3768:946–957
Yilmaz A, G¨okmen M (2001) Eigenhill vs. Eigenface and Eigenedge. Pattern Recogn 34(1):181–184
Yu-Tzu L, Ruei-Yan L, Yu-Chih L, Greg C (2012) Real-time eye-gaze estimation using a low-resolution webcam. Multimedia Tools Appl 65(3):543–568
Zhiping S, Xi L, Qingyong L, Qing H (2012) Extracting discriminative features for CBIR. Multimed Tools Appl 61:263–279
Zhou N, Lipo W (2009) Class-dependant feature selection for face recognition. AdvNeuro-Inf Process Lect Notes Comput Sci 5507:551–558
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Benmohamed, A., Neji, M., Ramdani, M. et al. Feast: face and emotion analysis system for smart tablets. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 9297–9322 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2082-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2082-3