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Illuminating the past: state of the art

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Abstract

Virtual reconstruction and representation of historical environments and objects have been of research interest for nearly two decades. Physically based and historically accurate illumination allows archaeologists and historians to authentically visualise a past environment to deduce new knowledge. This report reviews the current state of illuminating cultural heritage sites and objects using computer graphics for scientific, preservation and research purposes. We present the most noteworthy and up-to-date examples of reconstructions employing appropriate illumination models in object and image space, and in the visual perception domain. Finally, we also discuss the difficulties in rendering, documentation, validation and identify probable research challenges for the future. The report is aimed for researchers new to cultural heritage reconstruction who wish to learn about methods to illuminate the past.

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Acknowledgments

Images in Figs. 1 and 15 courtesy of Paul Debevec (Debevec 2001, 2005; Debevec et al. 2004). Figures 3 and 4 courtesy of Oliver Wang, Prabath Gunawardane, and James Davis. Left image in Fig. 8 courtesy of George Post (Egan 1999). Images in Fig. 13 courtesy of Henrik Wann Jensen (Nguyen et al. 2002). Figures 12, 14, 20 and 24 courtesy of University of Bristol. Many thanks to Carla Schroer for her efforts and help in preperation for, and during our presentation of this survey at VAST 2009. We thank the anonymous reviewers of this survey for their comments, and to Graeme Earl for additional comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Digital Laboratory, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

    Jassim Happa, Kurt Debattista & Alan Chalmers

  2. Cultural Heritage Imaging, San Francisco, USA

    Mark Mudge

  3. CASToRC Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Alessandro Artusi

  4. Research Center for Informatics and Communications, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal

    Alexandrino Gonçalves

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  1. Jassim Happa
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  2. Mark Mudge
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  3. Kurt Debattista
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  5. Alexandrino Gonçalves
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Correspondence to Jassim Happa.

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Happa, J., Mudge, M., Debattista, K. et al. Illuminating the past: state of the art. Virtual Reality 14, 155–182 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-010-0154-x

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