Abstract
We present a method to visualize large-scale Internet events, such as a large region losing connectivity, or a stealth probe of the entire IPv4 address space. We apply a well-known technique in information visualization—multiple coordinated views—to Internet-specific data. We animate these coordinated views to study the temporal evolution of an event along different dimensions, including geographic spread, topological (address space) coverage, and traffic impact. We explain the techniques we used to create the visualization, and using two recent case studies we describe how this capability to simultaneously view multiple dimensions of events enabled greater insight into their properties.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Notes
We use “Conficker-like” to refer to TCP packets destined to port 445, publicized during the Conficker episode but a target of scanning activity for many years.
References
AfriNIC. The Registry of Internet Number Resources for Africa (2012) http://www.afrinic.net
Cuttlefish (2012) http://www.caida.org/tools/visualization/cuttlefish/
Gd graphics library (2012) http://www.boutell.com/gd/
MaxMind GeoLite Country (2012) http://www.maxmind.com/app/geolitecountry
OpenStreetMap (2012) http://www.openstreetmap.org
UCSD Network Telescope (2010) http://www.caida.org/data/passive/network_telescope.xml
Brown J, McGregor A, Braun H-W (2000) Network performance visualization: insight through animation. In: Proceedings of Passive and Active Measurement Workshop, Hamilton
CAIDA. Supplemental data (2012) http://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/coordinated_view_internet_events/supplemental/
Dainotti A, King A, Claffy K, Papale F, Pescapé A (2012) Analysis of a “/0” Stealth Scan from a Botnet. In: ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Boston
Dainotti A, Squarcella C, Aben E, Claffy KC, Chiesa M, Russo M, Pescapé (2011) A Analysis of country-wide internet outages caused by censorship. In: ACM SIGCOMM Internet measurement conference, Berlin
Duane Wessels (2009) Gallery of IPv4 Heat Maps. http://maps.measurement-factory.com/gallery/
Duane Wessels (2009) IPv4 Heatmap tool. http://maps.measurement-factory.com/software/
Fuller V (2006) Li T RFC 4632 (Best current practice)
Heidemann J, Pradkin Y, Govindan R, Papadopoulos C, Bartlett G, Bannister J (2008) Census and survey of the visible internet. In: ACM SIGCOMM Internet measurement Conference, Vouliagmeni
Huffaker B, Fomenkov M, Claffy kc (2011) Geocompare: a comparison of public and commercial geolocation databases. In: Network Mapping and Measurement Conference (NMMC). http://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2011/geocompare-tr/
Huffaker B, Jung J, Wessels D, Claffy k (1998) Visualization of the growth and topology of the NLANR caching hierarchy. In: 3rd International WWW Caching Workshop, Manchester
Lamm S, Reed D, Scullin W (1996) Real-time geographic visualization of world wide web traffic. In: Proceedings of Fifth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW5), Paris, pp 1457–1468
Munroe R (2006) xkcd: MAP of the INTERNET. http://blog.xkcd.com/2006/12/11/the-map-of-the-internet/
Munzner T, Hoffman E, Claffy k, Fenner B (1996) Visualizing the global topology of the MBone. In: IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, San Francisco
Oberheide J, Goff M, Karir M (2006) Flamingo: visualizing internet traffic. In: Network Operations and Management Symposium. NOMS 2006. 10th IEEE/IFIP, Vancouver
Papadakakis N, Markatos E, Palantir AP (1998) A visualization tool for the world wide web. In: INET’98 Proceedings, Geneva
Rus J Hsl-hsv models.svg (2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hsl-hsv_models.svg
Shannon AN, Spires V (2003) Exhaustive search system and method using space-filling curves. Patent, 10 2003. US 6636847
Shirley P, Marschner S (2009) Fundamentals of computer graphics, 3rd edn. A.K Peters Ltd, Wellesley
Thompson K, Miller GJ, Wilder R (1997) Wide-area internet traffic patterns and characteristics. IEEE Netw Mag 11(6):10–23
Wang Baldonado MQ, Woodruff A, Kuchinsky A (2000) Guidelines for using multiple views in information visualization. In: Conference on Advanced visual interfaces, AVI ’00. ACM, New York
Acknowledgments
Support for the UCSD network telescope operations and data collection, curation, analysis, and sharing is provided by DHS S&T NBCHC070133, NSF CNS-1059439. The author’s efforts on this project were supported by DHS S&T NBCHCO70133 (KC), NSF CNS-1059439 and NSF CNS-1228994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
First IMC Workshop on Internet Visualization (WIV 2012), November 13, 2012, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
King, A., Huffaker, B., Dainotti, A. et al. A coordinated view of the temporal evolution of large-scale Internet events. Computing 96, 53–65 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-013-0288-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-013-0288-2