Abstract
With the increasing maturity and popularity of wireless network techniques, indoor Wi-Fi positioning will inevitably become a significant application in indoor location-based services. In this circumstance, there is normally no control over the number of access points (APs) and the diversity of the Wi-Fi signal distribution, which may significantly deteriorate the positioning effectiveness as well as the system efficiency. To address this issue, we first adopt the fuzzy information entropy-based fuzzy rough set to conduct redundant APs reduction. Second, we calculate the Wasserstein distance between the signal distribution at the target position and the one at each Reference Point (RP) by the Wasserstein distance method. Third, the multisource information fusion method based on the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is exerted to construct the matching RPs set. Finally, the abundant experiments and results in a realistic indoor Wi-Fi environment testify that the proposed method is able to preserve satisfactory localization performance as well as reduce the computation overhead of localization.








Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Demircioglu E, Gulgonul S, Yagli AF, Ertok HH (2015) GNSS augmentation and regional positioning systems over Turksat communication satellites. In: Signal processing and communications applications conference. pp 1680–1683
Lymberopoulos D, Liu J (2017) The Microsoft indoor localization competition. IEEE Signal Process Mag 34(5):125–140
Zhou M, Wang Y, Tian Z et al (2019) Calibrated data simplification for energy-efficient location sensing in internet of things. IEEE Internet Things J 6(4):6125–6133
Zhang X, Jin Y, Tan H et al (2019) CIMLoc: a crowdsourcing indoor digital map construction system for localization. In: IEEE International conference on intelligent sensors, sensor networks and information processing. pp 1–9
Torres-Sospedra J, Montoliu R, Martłnez-Us A et al (2014) UJIIndoorLoc: a new multi-building and multi-flfloor database for WLAN fingerprint-based indoor positioning problems. In: International conference on indoor positioning and indoor navigation. pp. 261–270
Blum A, Langley P (1997) Selection of relevant features and examples in machine learning. In: Artificial intelligence. pp 245–271
Jia B, Huang B, Gao H et al (2019) Selecting critical Wi-Fi APs for indoor localization based on a theoretical error analysis. IEEE Access 7:36312–36321
Liu H, Motoda H, Yu L (2002) Feature selection with selective sampling. In: International conference on machine learning. pp 395–402
Yang J, Zhao X, Li Z (2019) Crowd-sourcing indoor positioning by light-weight automatic fingerprint updating via ensemble learning. IEEE Access 7:26255–26267
Deng Z, Xu Y, Ma L (2012) Joint access point selection and local discriminant embedding for energy efficient and accurate Wi-Fi positioning. KSII Trans Internet InfSyst 6(3):794–811
Chen Q, Wang B, Deng X et al (2013) Placement of access points for indoor wireless coverage and fingerprint-based localization. In: IEEE international conference on high performance computing and communications. IEEE, Hunan, pp 2253–2257
Hamamoto R, Takano C, Obata H et al (2014) Characteristics analysis of an AP selection method based on coordination moving both users and Aps. In: International symposium on computing and networking. pp 243–248
Shi P, Xu F, Wang Z (2005) A maximum-likelihood indoor location algorithm based on indoor propagation loss model. Signal Process 21(5):502–506
Sun B, Gong Z (2008) Rough fuzzy sets in generalized approximation space. In: Conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery. pp 416–420
Zalewski J (1996) Rough sets: theoretical aspects of reasoning about data. Control EngPract 4(5):741–742
Sun B, Gong Z (2008) Rough fuzzy sets in generalized approximation space. In: International conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery. pp 416–420
Chen C, Lee C, Lo C (2016) Vehicle localization and velocity estimation based on mobile phone sensing. IEEE Access 4(1):803–817
Gao Y, Chen H, Li Y et al (2017) Autonomous Wi-Fi relay placement with mobile robots. IEEE ASME Trans Mechatron 22(6):2532–2542
Shu Y, Huang Y, Zhang J et al (2016) Gradient-based fingerprinting for indoor localization and tracking. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 63(4):2424–2433
Su J, Xu R, Yu S, Wang B, Wang J (2020) Idle slots skipped mechanism based tag identification algorithm with enhanced collision detection. KSII Trans Internet InfSyst 14(5):2294–2309
Su J, Xu R, Yu S, Wang B, Wang J (2020) Redundant rule detection for software-defined networking. KSII Trans Internet InfSyst 14(6):2735–2751
Su J, Sheng Z, Huang Z, Liu AX, Chen Y (2020) From M-ary query to bit query: a new strategy for efficient large-scale RFID identification. IEEE Trans Commun 68(4):2381–2393
Su J, Sheng Z, Liu A, Han Y, Chen Y (2020) A group-based binary splitting algorithm for UHF RFID anti-collision systems. IEEE Trans Commun 68(2):998–1012
Zhou M, Li X, Wang Y et al (2020) 6G multi-source information fusion based indoor positioning via Gaussian kernel density estimation. IEEE Internet Things J. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.3031639
Zhou M, Wang Y, Liu Y et al (2019) An information-theoretic view of WLAN localization error bound in GPS-denied environment. IEEE Trans VehTechnol 68(4):4089–4093
Achroufene A, Amirat Y, Chibani A (2019) RSS-based indoor localization using belief function theory. IEEE Trans AutomSciEng 16(3):1163–1180
Kasebzadeh P, Granados GS, Lohan ES (2014) Indoor localization via WLAN path-loss models and Dempster-Shafer combining. In: IEEE international conference on localization and GNSS. pp 1–6
Yang Z, Wu C, Liu Y (2012) Locating in fingerprint space: wireless indoor localization with little human intervention. In: International conference on mobile computing and networking. pp 269–280
Hu Q, Yu D, Xie Z et al (2006) Fuzzy probabilistic approximation spaces and their information measures. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 14(2):191–201
Hajek B (1987) Average case analysis of Greedy algorithms for Kelly’s triangle problem and the independent set problem. In: Conference on decision and control, Los Angeles, California, pp. 1455–1460
Stefanski LA, Carroll RJ (1990) Deconvoluting kernel density estimators. Statistics 21(2):169–184
Ahmad A, Fan Y (2001) Optimal bandwidths for kernel density estimators of functions of observations. Statist ProbabLett 51(3):245–251
Arabsheibani RG, Rees H (1998) On the weak vs strong version of the screening hypothesis: a re-examination of the P-test for the UK. Econ Educ Rev 17(2):189–192
Fournier N, Guillin A (2015) On the rate of convergence in Wasserstein distance of the empirical measure. Probab Theory Relat Fields 162(3–4):707–738
Martín F, Luis M, Santiago G et al (2015) Kullback–Leibler divergence-based differential evolution Markov chain filter for global localization of mobile robots. Sensors 15(9):23431–23458
Naghshvar M, Javidi T, Wigger M (2015) Extrinsic Jensen-Shannon divergence: applications to variable-length coding. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 61(4):2148–2164
Gangbo W, Mccann RJ (2000) Shape recognition via Wasserstein distance. Q Appl Math 58(4):705–737
Fan X, Ming JZ (2006) Fault diagnosis of machines based on DST. Part 1: DST and its improvement. Pattern RecognLett 27(5):366–376
Yu, Liu J (2013) A KNN indoor positioning algorithm that is weighted by the membership of fuzzy set. In: 2013 IEEE international conference on green computing and communications and IEEE internet of things and IEEE cyber, physical and social computing, Beijing. pp 1899–1903
Pawlak Z (1991) Rough setsłtheoreticalsspects of reasoning about data. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London
Wang G, Yu H, Yang D (2002) Decision table reduction based on conditional information entropy. Chinese Journal of Computers 25(7):1–8
Hu Q, Yu D, Xie Z (2006) Information-preserving hybrid data reduction based on fuzzy-rough techniques. Pattern Recogn 27(5):414–423
Stojanovic B, Neskovic A (2012) Impact of PCA based fifingerprint compression on matching performance. In: Telecommunications forum. pp 693–696
Ni W, Xiao W, Toh YK et al (2010) Fingerprint-MDS based algorithm for indoor wireless localization. In: IEEE international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications. pp 1972–1977
Aggarwal V, Patterh MS (2009) Quality controlled ECG compression using discrete cosine transform (DCT) and Laplacian Pyramid (LP). In: International multimedia, signal processing and communication technologies. pp 12–15
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education (KJZD-K202000605, KJQN202000630), the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project (cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0842), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61901076, 61704015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There was no conflict of interest in the submission of the manuscript, and the author agreed to publish it. I declare that the work described is an original study that has not been published before and is not considered elsewhere, in whole or in part.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nie, W., Liu, Z., Zhou, M. et al. Joint access point fuzzy rough set reduction and multisource information fusion for indoor Wi-Fi positioning. Neural Comput & Applic 34, 2677–2689 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-05934-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-05934-7