Abstract
In multi-agent systems norms are an important influence that can engender cooperation by constraining actions and binding groups together. A key question is how to establish suitable norms in a decentralised population of self-interested agents, especially where individual agents might not adhere to the rules of the system. It is desirable, in certain situations, to establish multiple co-existing norms within a population to ensure a diversity of norms, for example to give agents alternatives should one norm collapse. In this paper we investigate the problem of norm emergence, and the related issue of group recognition, using tag-based cooperation as the interaction model. We explore characteristics that affect the longevity and adoption of norms in tag-based cooperation, and provide an empirical evaluation of existing techniques for supporting cooperation in the presence of cheaters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allison, P.D.: The cultural evolution of beneficent norms. Social Forces 71(2), 279–301 (1992)
Arthur, W.B.: Inductive reasoning and bounded rationality. The American Economic Review 84(2), 406–411 (1994)
Axelrod, R.: An evolutionary approach to norms. American Political Science Review 80(4), 1095–1111 (1986)
Axelrod, R., Hammond, R.A., Grafen, A.: Altruism via kin-selection strategies that rely on arbitrary tags with which they coevolve. Evolution 58(8), 1833–1838 (2004)
Bicchieri, C.: The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006)
Boyd, R., Richerson, P.J.: The evolution of indirect reciprocity. Social Networks 11(3), 213–236 (1989)
Burguillo-Rial, J.C.: A memetic framework for describing and simulating spatial prisoner’s dilemma with coalition formation. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2009), pp. 441–448 (2009)
Dawkins, R.: The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1976)
Delgado, J.: Emergence of social conventions in complex network. Artificial Intelligence 141(1-2), 171–185 (2002)
Delgado, J., Pujol, J.M., Sangüesa, R.: Emergence of coordination in scale-free networks. Web Intelligence and Agent Systems 1(2), 131–138 (2003)
Flentge, F., Polani, D., Uthmann, T.: Modelling the emergence of possession norms using memes. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 4(4) (2001)
Griffiths, N.: Tags and image scoring for robust cooperation. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2008), pp. 575–582 (2008)
Griffiths, N., Luck, M.: Changing neighbours: Improving tag-based cooperation. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2010), pp. 249–256 (2010)
Hales, D., Edmonds, B.: Applying a socially inspired technique (tags) to improve cooperation in P2P networks. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A 35(3), 385–395 (2005)
Hamilton, W.D.: The genetical evolution of social behaviour I. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7(1), 1–16 (1964)
Hamilton, W.D.: The genetical evolution of social behaviour II. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7(1), 17–52 (1964)
Holland, J.H.: Hidden order: How adaptation builds complexity. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1995)
Jøsang, A., Ismail, R., Boyd, C.: A survey of trust and reputation systems for online service provision. Decision Support Systems 43(2), 618–644 (2007)
Kittock, J.E.: Emergent conventions and the structure of multi-agent systems. In: Lectures in Complex systems: The Proceedings of the 1993 Complex Systems Summer School. Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity Lecture, vol. VI, pp. 507–521. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1993)
Masuda, N., Ohtsuki, H.: Tag-based indirect reciprocity by incomplete social information. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274(1610), 689–695 (2007)
Pujol, J.M., Delgado, J., Sangüesa, R., Flache, A.: The role of clustering on the emergence of efficient social conventions. In: Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2005), pp. 965–970 (2005)
Resnick, P., Zeckhauser, R., Friedman, E., Kuwabara, K.: Reputation systems. Communications of the ACM 43(12), 45–48 (2000)
Riolo, R., Cohen, M., Axelrod, R.: Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity. Nature 414, 441–443 (2001)
Roberts, G., Sherratt, T.N.: Does similarity breed cooperation? Nature 418, 499–500 (2002)
Salazar, N., Rodríguez-Aguilar, J.A., Arcos, J.L.: Robust convention emergence through spreading mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2010), pp. 1431–1432 (2010)
Savarimuthu, B.T.R., Purvis, M., Purvis, M.: Social norm emergence in virtual agent societies. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2008), pp. 1521–1524 (2008)
Sen, S., Airiau, S.: Emergence of norms through social learning. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1507–1512 (2007)
Shoham, Y., Tennenholtz, M.: Emergent conventions in multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 1992), pp. 225–231 (1992)
Shoham, Y., Tennenholtz, M.: On the emergence of social conventions: modeling, analysis and simulations. Artificial Intelligence 94(1-2), 139–166 (1997)
Steels, L.: Self-organising vocabularies. In: Artificial Life V, pp. 179–184 (1996)
Traulsen, A.: Mechanisms for similarity based cooperation. The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems 63(3), 363–371 (2008)
Villatoro, D., Sabater-Mir, J.: Dynamics in the normative group recognition process. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 757–764 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Griffiths, N., Luck, M. (2011). Norm Diversity and Emergence in Tag-Based Cooperation. In: De Vos, M., Fornara, N., Pitt, J.V., Vouros, G. (eds) Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems VI. COIN 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 6541. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21268-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21268-0_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21267-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21268-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)