Abstract
Energy consumption is a major concern during the development of wireless networks consisting of battery-powered nodes. In this paper, we study possibilities of specifying energy aspects in the system design phase, with SDL as design language. In particular, we strive for suitable abstractions, by establishing a design view that is largely platform-independent. We achieve this objective by identifying and realizing energy mode signaling and energy scheduling as two complementary approaches to incorporate energy aspects into SDL. We provide details on how to apply these approaches in order to control the energy consumption of CPU and transceiver, and how to implement them on the Imote2 platform. A case study illustrates the use of both approaches in a wireless networked control system.
This work is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the priority program SPP 1305 “Control Theory of Digitally Networked Dynamical Systems” under grants GO 503/8-1 and LI 724/15-1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akyildiz, I.F., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., Cayirci, E.: Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Computer Networks 38(4), 393–422 (2002)
Tonguz, O.K., Ferrari, G.: Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: A Communication-theoretic Perspective. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (2006)
Walsh, G.C., Ye, H., Bushnell, L.: Stability Analysis of Networked Control Systems. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 10(3), 438–445 (2002)
International Telecommunications Union: Recommendation Z.100(11/07), Specification and Description Language (SDL), http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Z.100/en
Object Management Group (OMG): Unified Modeling Language (UML), http://www.uml.org
Crossbow: Datasheet, http://xbow.com/Products/Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/Imote2_Datasheet.pdf
Rao, R., Vrudhula, S., Rakhmatov, D.N.: Battery modeling for energy aware system design. Computer 36(12), 77–87 (2003)
Benini, L., Macii, A., Poncino, M.: Energy-aware design of embedded memories: A survey of technologies, architectures, and optimization techniques. ACM Transaction on Embedded Computing Systems 2(1), 5–32 (2003)
Aydin, H., Melhem, R., Mosse, D., Majia-Alvarez, P.: Power-aware scheduling for periodic real-time tasks. IEEE Transactions on Computers 53(5), 584–600 (2004)
Herczeg, Z., Schmidt, D., Kiss, A., Wehn, N., Gyimothy, T.: Energy Simulation of Embedded XScale Systems with XEEMU. Journal of Embedded Computing, Special Issue 3(3) (2009)
Ye, W., Heidemann, J.S., Estrin, D.: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2002, pp. 1567–1576 (2002)
Du, S., Saha, A.K., Johnson, D.B.: RMAC: A Routing-Enhanced Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2007, pp. 1478–1486 (2007)
Akkaya, K., Younis, M.: A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier) 3(3), 325–349 (2005)
Mohsen, A., Hofmann, R.: Efficient Voltage Scheduling and Energy-aware Co-synthesis for Real-time Embedded Systems. In: Srikanthan, T., Xue, J., Chang, C.-H. (eds.) ACSAC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3740, pp. 3–14. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Telelogic AB: Telelogic Tau Generation 1 - SDL Tau Suite, http://www.telelogic.com/products/tau/
Fliege, I., Grammes, R., Weber, C.: ConTraST - A Configurable SDL Transpiler and Runtime Environment. In: Gotzhein, R., Reed, R. (eds.) SAM 2006. LNCS, vol. 4320, pp. 216–228. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Intel: PXA27x Documents, http://int.xscale-freak.com/XSDoc/PXA27X/PXA27X_index.htm
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science: Power Modes and Energy Consumption for the iMote2 Sensor Node. Technical report, Enalab, http://enaweb.eng.yale.edu/drupal/system/files/imote2_power.pdf
Chipcon / Texas Instruments: CC2420 datasheet, http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2420.pdf
Glässer, U., Gotzhein, R., Prinz, A.: The Formal Semantics of SDL-2000 - Status and Perspectives. Computer Networks 42(3), 343–358 (2003)
ITU-T Recommendation Z.100 Annex F (11/00), SDL Formal Definition, http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Z.100/en
Kuhn, T., Gotzhein, R., Webel, C.: Model-Driven Development with SDL - Process, Tools, and Experiences. In: Nierstrasz, O., Whittle, J., Harel, D., Reggio, G. (eds.) MoDELS 2006. LNCS, vol. 4199, pp. 83–97. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Gabel, O., Litz, L.: NCS Testbed for Ambient Intelligence. In: Proceedings of the IEEE SMC Conference, pp. 115–120 (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gotzhein, R., Krämer, M., Litz, L., Chamaken, A. (2009). Energy-Aware System Design with SDL. In: Reed, R., Bilgic, A., Gotzhein, R. (eds) SDL 2009: Design for Motes and Mobiles. SDL 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5719. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04554-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04554-7_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04553-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04554-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)