Abstract
In environments where node density is massive, placement is heterogeneous and lot of sensory traffic with redundancy is produced; waste of resources such as bandwidth and energy occurs. This waste of resources minimize the network life time. Numerous routing schemes have been proposed to address such problems. They all tend to focus on similar direction, i.e. to find minimum energy path to increase the life time of the network. In this paper, we argue that it is not always wise to use the minimum energy path. Nodes along the optimal path will be used rapidly, burn out energy aggressively and eventually die hastily creating communication holes in network. This brings rapid change in the topology resulting in increased latency, poor connectivity and production of heterogeneous subnets. Therefore, utilizing suboptimal paths is encouraged for load balancing among sensor nodes. We unmitigated our efforts to augment the node life time in sensor network by frequent use of suboptimal paths, and reducing redundant sensory network traffic. Towards this end, we propose an agent-based routing approach that incorporates static and mobile agents. Static agent is responsible for calculating and maintaining the set of optimal paths. Mobile agent accounts for performing data processing and making data aggregation decisions at nodes in the network rather than bring data back to a central processor (sink). To demonstrate the performance evaluation, a prototype of a simulator is implemented.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng., New York, Tech. Rep. 802.11–1997 (1997)
Harrison, C.G., Chess, D.M.: Mobile Agents: Are They A Good Idea. Tech. Rep. RC 1987, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA (1995)
Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks. In: (MOBICOM ’00). Proceedings of the 6th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 56–67. Boston, MA, USA (2000)
Culler, D., Estrin, D., Srivastava, M.: Overview of Sensor Networks. IEEE Computer, 37 (2004)
Silva, F., Heidemann, J., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Directed diffusion. Tech. Rep. ISI-TR-2004-586, USC/Information Sciences Institute, Los Angeles, Calif., USA, 2004. In: Iyengar, S.S., Brooks, R.R. (eds.) Frontiers in Distributed Sensor Networks ( to appear)
Akyildiz, F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., Cayirci, E.: A survey on Sensor Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine. IEEE Communications Magazine 40, 102–116 (2002)
Elson, J., Estrin, D.: Random, Ephemeral Transaction Identifiers in Dynamic Sensor Networks. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Distributed Computing Systems, Phoenix, AZ (2001)
Hill, J., Culler, D.: Mica: A Wireless Platform for Deeply Embedded Networks. IEEE Micro. 22, 12–24 (2002)
Hill, J., Szewczyk, R., Woo, A., Hollar, S., Culler, D.E., Pister, K.-S.J.: System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors. In: (ASPLOS) Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 93–104 (2000)
Rabaey, J.M.: Picoradio Supports Ad Hoc Ultra Low Power Wireless Networking. IEEE Computer 33, 42–48 (2000)
Sohrabi, K.: Protocols for Self-organization of a Wireless Sensor Network. IEEE Personal Communications 7, 16–27 (2000)
Trigoni, N., Yao, Y., Demers, A., Gehrke, J., Rajara, R.: Wavescheduling: Energy-efficient Data Dissemination for Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Data Management for Sensor Networks (DMSN), in conjunction with the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) (2004)
Xu, H.R., Ying, Y., Wang, X.L.: Mobile-Agent-based Collaborative Signal and Information Processing in Sensor Networks. Proceeding of the IEEE 91, 1172–1183 (2003)
Dasgupta, P., Narasimhan, N., Moser, L.E., Melliar Smith, P.M.: MAgNET: Mobile Agents for Networked Electronic Trading. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 11, 509–525 (1999)
Min, R.: Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks. In: The Proceedings of International Conference on VLSI Design, Bangalore, India (2001)
Mhatre, V., Rosenberg, C., Kofman, D., Azumdar, R., Shroff, N.: A Minimum Cost Heterogeneous Sensor Network with a Lifetime Constraint. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC) 4, 4–15 (2005)
Heinzelman, W.R., Kulik, J., Balakrishnan, H.: Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 174–185 (1999)
Hong, X., Gerla, M., Wang, H., Clare, L.: Load Balanced, Energy-aware Communications for Mars Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Aerospace (2002)
Yu, Y., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: A Recursive Data Dissemination Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. Technical report, University of California at Los Angeles (2001)
Wu, Q., Rao, N.-S.V., Barhen, J.: On Computing Mobile Agent Routes for Data Fusion in Distributed Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 16, 740–753 (2004)
Paruchuri, V.M., Durresi, A., Dash, D.S., Jain, R.: Optimal Flooding Protocol for Routin. In: Ad Hoc Networks, TR, CS Department, Ohio State University, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (2003)
Elhadi, S., Sajid, H., Matin, R., Abdul, W., Matin, W.: P2P Multi-agent Data Transfer and Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: First IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent System Techniques and Wireless Sensor Networks (IST-WSN), in conjunction with IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Vancouver, Canada, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2006)
Min, C., Taekyoung, K., Yong, Y., Yanghee, C., Victor, L.: Mobile-agent-based Directed Diffusion (MADD) in Wireless Sensor Networks. Accepted to Journal on Applied Signal Processing (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shakshuki, E., Malik, H., Xing, X. (2007). Agent-Based Routing for Wireless Sensor Network. In: Huang, DS., Heutte, L., Loog, M. (eds) Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications. With Aspects of Theoretical and Methodological Issues. ICIC 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4681. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74171-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74171-8_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74170-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74171-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)