Abstract
Whereas much of the recent thrust in IP multicast standardization has focused on multicast routing and other supplementary infrastructure for multicast, the reach to/from end-systems from/to the multicast infrastructure constitutes a significant barrier in deploying any network layer multicast protocol. A basic problem arises from the fact that current IP multicast protocols have been designed assuming universal deployment thereby preventing end-systems that are more than one router hop away to participate in multicast. This problem is further aggravated by increasing protocol awareness of layer-2 devices effectively locking particular protocols and versions into hardware, and in part by the declining transparency of the maturing Internet due to firewalls and NATs. In this paper we describe new multicast mechanisms to address these issues. While designed as part of our research on Selfconfiguring Lightweight Internet Multicast (SLIM), the techniques and mechanisms are applicable to other multicast protocols. We discuss our implementation and experimentation over the open Internet, and show how these new protocol mechanisms have enabled us to introduce our new IP multicast to end-systems in an incremental manner without the collaboration of network administrators.
This work (all authors) was supported in part by The Icelandic Centre for Research under grant number 020500002.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Holbrook, H., Cheriton, D.: IP Multicast Channels: EXPRESS Support for Large-scale Single-Source Applications. In: Proceedings of SIGCOMM (1999)
Fenner, B., Handley, M., Holbrook, H., Kouvelas, I.: Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised). IETF Internet Draft, work in progress (March 2003), draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-07.txt
Hjálmtýsson, G., Brynjúlfsson, B., Helgason, Ó.R.: Self-Configuring Lightweight Internet Multicast (in preparation)
Hjálmtýsson, G., Ramakrishnan, K.K.: UNITE - An Architecture for Lightweight Signaling in ATM Networks. In: DIMACS. Networks in Distributed Computing (October 1997)
Banerjee, S., Kommareddy, C., Kar, K., Bhattacharjee, S., Khuller, S.: Construction of an Efficient Overlay Multicast Infrastructure for Realtime Applications. In: Proceedings of Infocom (April 2003)
Finlayson, R.: The UDP Multicast Tunneling Protocol. IETF Internet draft, work in progress (September 2002), draft-finlayson-umtp-07.txt
Thaler, D., Talwar, M., Vicisano, L., Ooms, D.: IPv4 Automatic Multicast Without Explicit Tunnels (Febraury 2001); Work in progress: draft-ietf-mboned-auto-multicast-00.txt.
Finlayson, R., Perlman, R., Rajwan, D.: Accelerating the Deployment of Multicast Using Automatic Tunneling. IETF Internet draft, work in progress (February 2001), draftfinlayson-mboned-autotunneling-00.txt
Stoica, I., Eugene Ng, T.S., Zhang, H.: REUNITE: A Recursive Unicast Approach to Multicast. In: INFOCOM 2000, Tel-Aviv, Israel (March 2000)
Banerjee, S., Bhattacharjee, B., Kommareddy, C.: Scalable Application Layer Multicast. In: Proceedings of ACM Sigcomm 2002, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (August 2002)
Jannotti, J., Gifford, D.K., Johnson, K.L., Kaashoek, F., O’Toole, J.W.: Overcast: Reliable Multicasting with an Overlay Network. In: Proc. of OSDI (October 2000)
Castro, M., Druschel, P., Kermarrec, A.-M., Rowstron, A.: Scribe: A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure. IEEE JSAC 20(8) (October 2002)
Hjálmtýsson, G.: The Pronto Platform - A Flexible Toolkit for Programming Networks using a Commodity Operating System. In: The proceedings of OpenArch 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel (March 2000)
Cain, B., Deering, S., Kouvelas, I., Fenner, B., Thyagarajan, A.: Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3 RFC 3376 (October 2002)
Hjálmtýsson, G., Sverrisson, H., Brynjúlfsson, B., Helgason, Ó.R.: Dynamic packet processors - A new abstraction for router extensibility. In: The proceedings of OpenArch 2003, San Francisco ( April 2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hjálmtýsson, G., Brynjúlfsson, B., Helgason, Ó.R. (2003). Overcoming Last-Hop/First-Hop Problems in IP Multicast. In: Stiller, B., Carle, G., Karsten, M., Reichl, P. (eds) Group Communications and Charges. Technology and Business Models. NGC ICQT 2003 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2816. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39405-1_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39405-1_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20051-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39405-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive