Abstract
Reference-matrix-based data hiding is a way to embed secret data within cover images according to a secret reference matrix. Existing schemes such as exploiting-modification-direction-based method, Sudoku-based method, and magic-cube-based method provide several means to construct reference matrices and embed secret data by modifying the LSBs of cover images according to generated reference matrices. In order to obtain better embedding capacity and stego-image quality, we propose a novel data hiding scheme based on permutation vectors. In this proposed scheme, a 1-dimensional reference matrix is constructed by concatenating a secret permutation vector repeatedly. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves higher embedding capacity and better stego-image quality. To further improve the visual quality when the embedding capacity is less than 1.5 bpp, we also propose an improved version where a 2-dimensional reference matrix is constructed based on a secret permutation vector. The experimental result also demonstrates nice visual quality of our improved scheme.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chan, C.K., Cheng, L.M.: Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution. Pattern Recogn. 37(3), 469–474 (2004)
Chang, C.C., Wu, H.L.: A large apyload information hiding scheme using two-level exploiting modification direction. In: 10th International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, pp. 512–515 (2014)
Chang, C.C., Chou, Y.C., Kieu, T.D.: An information hiding scheme using sudoku. In: 3rd International Conference on Innnovative Computing Information and Control, p. 17 (2008)
Kim, H.J., Kim, C., Choi, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, X.: Improved modification direction methods. Comput. Math. Appl. 60(2), 319–325 (2010)
Lan, T.H., Tewk, A.H.: A novel high-capacity data-embedding system. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(8), 2431–2440 (2006)
Lee, S., Yoo, C.D., Kalker, T.: Reversible image watermarking based on integer-to-integer wavelet transform. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 2(3), 321–330 (2007)
Lin, C.N., Chang, C.C., Lee, W.B., Lin, J.A.: A novel secure data hiding scheme using a secret reference matrix. In: Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, pp. 369–373 (2009)
Tai, W.L., Yeh, C.M., Chang, C.C.: Reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of pixel differences. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(6), 906–910 (2009)
Turner, L.F.: Digital data security system. Patent IPN WO 89, 08915 (1989)
Wu, Q., Zhu, C., Li, J.J., Chang, C.C., Wang, Z.H.: A magic cube based information hiding scheme of large payload. J. Inf. Secur. Appl. 26, 1–7 (2016)
Zhang, X.P., Wang, S.Z.: Efficient steganographic embedding by expliting modificatioin directioin. IEEE Commun. Lett. 10(11), 781–783 (2006)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology under the Grant Number 102-2221-E-305-008-MY3.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chang, CC., Chang, JC., Chou, YH., Wu, HL. (2017). A High Embedding Capacity Data Hiding Scheme Based upon Permutation Vectors. In: Shi, Y., Kim, H., Perez-Gonzalez, F., Liu, F. (eds) Digital Forensics and Watermarking. IWDW 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10082. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53465-7_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53465-7_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53464-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53465-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)