Abstract
As IT functions of clients are often outsourced to multiple vendors, all partners have to take the multisourcing arrangement into account when providing services. This paper examines how a client establishes strategic collaboration within a multisourcing arrangement. Due to heterogeneous, but also overlapping resources and heterogeneous strategic interests, collaboration between partners is challenging as they have to develop and manage IT services on an operational level at the same time. Social Exchange Theory is used to understand the complexity of collaboration within a multisourcing arrangement. Dependent on the client’s multisourcing objectives for its vendors collaboration tensions become apparent. Our research reveals that when client and vendors pay more attention to creating common goals, mutual collaboration between the partners’ employees is increased. This results in an improvement of the operational performance of the IT services. On an individual level, it was found that the behaviour of individuals may compensate for the lack of collaboration and the lack of exchange of information between partners. Furthermore the research suggests that partners within a multisourcing arrangement have to anticipate exogenous developments and adapt in order to be resilient.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lacity, M.C., Khan, S.A., Willcocks, L.P.: A review of the IT outsourcing literature: insights for practice. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 18(3), 130–146 (2009)
Oshri, I., Kotlarski, J., Willcocks, L.P.: The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring. Palgrave Macmillan, London (2009)
Beulen, E., Ribbers, P., Roos, J.: Managing IT Outsourcing. Governance in Global Partnerships, 2nd edn. Routledge, London (2011)
Palvia, P.C., King, R.C., Xia, W., Palvia, S.C.J.: Capability, quality, and performance of offshore is vendors: a theoretical framework and empirical investigation. Decis. Sci. 41(2), 231–270 (2010)
Dibbern, J., Goles, T., Hirschheim, R., Jayatilaka, B.: Information systems outsourcing: a survey and analysis of the literature. DB Adv. Inf. Syst. 34(4), 6–102 (2004)
Wiener, M., Saunders, C.: Force coopetition in IT multi-sourcing. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 23, 210–225 (2014)
Currie, W.L., Willcocks, L.P.: Analysing four types of IT sourcing decisions in the context of scale, client/supplier interdependency and risk mitigation. Inf. Syst. J. 8(2), 119–143 (1998)
Aron, R., Clemons, E.K., Reddi, S.: Just right outsourcing: understanding and managing risk. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 22(2), 37–55 (2005)
Oshri, I., Kotlarski, J., Willcocks, L.P.: Managing dispersed expertise in IT offshore outsourcing: lessons from Tata Consulting Services. MIS Q. Exec. 6, 53–65 (2007)
Su, N., Levina, N.: Global multisourcing strategy: integrating learning from manufacturing into IT service outsourcing. IRR Trans. Eng. Manag. 58(4), 717–729 (2011)
Bapna, R., Barua, A., Mani, D., Mehra, A.: Cooperation, coordination, and governance in multisourcing: an agenda for analytical and empirical research. Inf. Syst. Res. 21(4), 785–795 (2010)
Chua, C.E.H., Lim, W.K., Soh, C., Sia, S.K.: Client strategies in vendor transition: a treat balancing perspective. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 21(1), 72–83 (2012)
Choi, T.Y., Krause, D.R.: The supply base and its complexity: implications for transaction costs, risks, responsiveness, and innovation. J. Oper. Manag. 24(5), 637–652 (2006)
Adner, R., Kapoor, R.: Value creation in innovation multisourcings: how the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generations. Strateg. Manag. J. 31, 306–333 (2010)
Levina, N., Su, N.: Global multisourcing strategy: the emergence of a supplier portfolio in services offshoring. Decis. Sci. 39(3), 541–570 (2008)
Rottman, J.W., Lacity, M.C.: Proven practices for efficiently offshoring IT work. MIT Sl. Manag. Rev. 47(3), 56–64 (2006)
Burke, G.J., Carrillo, J.E., Vakharia, A.J.: Single versus multiple supplier sourcing strategies. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 182(1), 95–112 (2007)
King, W.R., Torkzadeh, G.: Information systems offshoring: research status and issues. MIS Q. 32(2), 205–225 (2008)
Lee, Y., Cavusgil, S.T.: Enhancing alliance performance: the effects of contractual-based versus relational-based governance. J. Bus. Res. 59(8), 896–905 (2006)
Rai, A., Keil, M., Hornyak, R., Wüllenweber, K.: Hybrid relational-contractual governance for business process outsourcing. J. Manag. Inf. Syst. 29(2), 213–256 (2012)
Deming, W.E.: Out of the Crisis. MIT Centre for Advanced Engineering Study, Cambridge (1996)
Xiao, J., Xie, K., Hu, Q.: Inter-firm IT governance in power-imbalanced buyer–supplier dyads: exploring how it works and why it lasts. Eur. J. Inf. Syst. 21, 1–17 (2012)
Lacity, M.C., Willcocks, L.P.: Advanced Outsourcing Practice: Rethinking ITO, BPO and Cloud Services. Palgrave Macmillan, London (2012)
Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Afsarmanesh, H.: Collaborative networks: a new scientific discipline. J. Int. Manuf. 16(4–5), 439–452 (2005)
Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Afsarmanesh, H.: Collaborative networks: value creation in a knowledge society. In: Wang, K., Kovács, G.L., Wozny, M.J., Fang, M. (eds.) Knowledge Enterprise: Intelligent Strategies in Product Design, Manufacturing and Management. International Federation for Information Processing (IFEP), vol. 207, pp. 26–40. Springer, New York (2006)
Homans, G.C.: Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. Hartcourt Brace, New York (1961)
Blau, P.M.: Exchange and Power in Social Life. Wiley, New York (1964)
Ekeh, P.P.: Social Exchange Theory: Two Traditions. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1974)
Muthusamy, S.K., White, M.A.: Learning and knowledge transfer in strategic alliances: a social exchange view. Organ. Stud. 26(3), 415–441 (2005)
Cropanzano, R., Michell, M.S.: Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review. J. Manag. 31(6), 874–900 (2005)
Flynn, F.J.: How much should I give and how often? the effects of generosity and frequency of favor exchange on social status and productivity. Acad. Manag. J. 46, 539–553 (2003)
Perrone, V., Zaheer, A., McEvity, B.: Free to be trusted? organizational constraints on trust in boundary spanners. Organ. Sci. 14, 422–439 (2003)
Masterson, S.S., Lewis, K., Goldman, B.M., Taylor, M.S.: Integrating justice and social exchange: the differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships. Acad. Manag. J. 43(4), 738–748 (2000)
Emerson, R.M.: Power-dependence relations. Am. Sociol. Rev. 27, 31–41 (1962)
Das, T.K., Teng, B.S.: Alliance constellations: a social exchange perspective. Acad. Manag. Rev. 27(3), 445–456 (2002)
DiDomenico, K., Tracey, P., Haugh, H.: The dialectic of social exchange: theorizing corporate social enterprise collaboration. Organ. Stud. 30(8), 887–907 (2010)
Coleman, J.S.: The Foundations of Social Theory. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1990)
Jones, C., Hesterly, W.S., et al.: A general theory of network governance: exchange conditions and social mechanisms. Acad. Manag. Rev. 22(4), 911–945 (1997)
Nord, W.R.: An integrative approach to social conformity. Psychol. Bull. 71, 174–208 (1969)
Yin, R.K.: Case Study Research. Design and Methods. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (2009)
Lee, A.S.: Integrating positivist and interpretive approaches to organizational research. Organ. Sci. 2(4), 342–365 (1991)
Orlikowski, W.J., Iacono, C.S.: Research commentary: desperately seeking the “IT” in IT research-a call to theorizing the IT artifact. Inf. Syst. Res. 12(2), 121–134 (2001)
Denzin, N.K.: The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. McGraw-Hill, New York (1978)
Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M.: Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1994)
Williamson, O.E.: Markets and Hierarchies. Free Press, New York (1975)
Hendry, J.: The principal’s other problems: honest incompetence and the specification of objectives. Acad. Manag. Rev. 27(1), 98–113 (2002)
Ouchi, W.G.: The relationship between organizational structure and organizational control. Adm. Sci. Q. 22(1), 95–113 (1977)
Eisenhardt, K.M.: Control: organizational and economic approaches. Manag. Sci. 31(2), 134–149 (1985)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix A: Overview Interview Participants
Appendix A: Overview Interview Participants

Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Plugge, A., Bouwman, H. (2015). Understanding Collaboration in Multisourcing Arrangements: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective. In: Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Willcocks, L. (eds) Achieving Success and Innovation in Global Sourcing: Perspectives and Practices. Global Sourcing 2015. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 236. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26739-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26739-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26738-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26739-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)