Historical Background
Computer hardware architecture and technology have been changing rapidly in the past few decades. In 1965, Gordon E. Moore, the cofounder of Intel Corporation, observed the trend that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every 2 years (Moore 1965). It is envisioned that the overall computing power of a computer, or the clock speed of the processor in the central processing unit (CPU), would double every 2 years, since the increasing number of transistors could promote better performance in computation. Such a trend sustains for several decades till mid-2000s as described in Fig. 1.
CPU scaling showing transistor density, power consumption, and efficiency (Sutter 2005)
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Shi, X., Huang, M. (2017). MIC in GIS. In: Shekhar, S., Xiong, H., Zhou, X. (eds) Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_1607
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