Abstract
In this paper we introduce the idea of cross-lingual emotion transplantation. The aim is to lean the nuances of emotional speech in a source language for which we have enough data to adapt an acceptable quality emotional model by means of CSMAPLR adaptation, and then convert the adaptation function so it can be applied to a target language in a different target speaker while maintaining the speaker identity but adding emotional information. The conversion between languages is done at state level by measuring the KLD distance between the Gaussian distributions of all the states and linking the closest ones. Finally, as the cross-lingual transplantation of spectral emotions (mainly anger) was found out to introduce significant amounts of spectral noise, we show the results of applying three different techniques related to adaptation parameters that can be used to reduce the noise. The results are measured in an objective fashion by means of a bi-dimensional PCA projection of the KLD distances between the considered models (neutral models of both languages, reference emotion for both languages and transplanted emotional model for the target language).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barra-Chicote, R., Montero, J.M., Macias-Guarasa, J., Lufti, S., Lucas, J.M., Fernandez, F., D’haro, L.F., San-Segundo, R., Ferreiros, J., Cordoba, R., Pardo, J.M.: Spanish expressive voices: Corpus for emotion research in spanish. In: Proc. of LREC (2008)
Barra-Chicote, R.: Contributions to the analysis, design and evaluation of strategies for corpus-based emotional speech synthesis. Ph.D. thesis, ETSIT-UPM (2011)
Gales, M.J.: Cluster adaptive training of hidden markov models. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 8(4), 417–428 (2000)
Liang, H., Dines, J.: Phonological knowledge guided hmm state mapping for cross-lingual speaker adaptation. In: INTERSPEECH, pp. 1825–1828 (2011)
Lorenzo-Trueba, J., Barra-Chicote, R., Yamagishi, J., Watts, O., Montero, J.M.: Towards speaking style transplantation in speech synthesis. In: 8th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (2013)
Nose, T., Kato, Y., Kobayashi, T.: Style estimation of speech based on multiple regression hidden semi-markov model. In: INTERSPEECH, pp. 2285–2288 (2007)
Oura, K., Yamagishi, J., Wester, M., King, S., Tokuda, K.: Analysis of unsupervised cross-lingual speaker adaptation for hmm-based speech synthesis using kld-based transform mapping. Speech Communication 54(6), 703–714 (2012)
Qian, Y., Xu, J., Soong, F.K.: A frame mapping based hmm approach to cross-lingual voice transformation. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 5120–5123. IEEE (2011)
Shichiri, K., Sawabe, A., Yoshimura, T., Tokuda, K., Masuko, T., Kobayashi, T., Kitamura, T.: Eigenvoices for hmm-based speech synthesis. In: INTERSPEECH (2002)
Takeda, S., Kabuta, Y., Inoue, T., Hatoko, M.: Proposal of a japanese-speech-synthesis method with dimensional representation of emotions based on prosody as well as voice-quality conversion. International Journal of Affective Engineering 12(2), 79–88 (2013)
Togneri, R., Pullella, D.: An overview of speaker identification: Accuracy and robustness issues. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine 11(2), 23–61 (2011)
Toman, M., Pucher, M., Schabus, D.: Multi-variety adaptive acoustic modeling in hsmm-based speech synthesis. In: 8th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (2013)
Toman, M.E., Pucher, M.: Structural kld for cross-variety speaker adaptation in hmm-based speech synthesis. In: Proc. SPPRA, Innsbruck, Austria (2013)
Wu, Y.J., Nankaku, Y., Tokuda, K.: State mapping based method for cross-lingual speaker adaptation in hmm-based speech synthesis. In: INTERSPEECH, pp. 528–531 (2009)
Yamagishi, J., Kobayashi, T., Nakano, Y., Ogata, K., Isogai, J.: Analysis of speaker adaptation algorithms for hmm-based speech synthesis and a constrained smaplr adaptation algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 17(1), 66–83 (2009)
Yoshimura, T., Hashimoto, K., Oura, K., Nankaku, Y., Tokuda, K.: Cross-lingual speaker adaptation based on factor analysis using bilingual speech data for hmm-based speech synthesis. In: 8th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (2013)
Zen, H., Braunschweiler, N., Buchholz, S., Knill, K., Krstulovic, S., Latorre, J.: Hmm-based polyglot speech synthesis by speaker and language adaptive training. In: Seventh ISCA Workshop on Speech Synthesis (2010)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lorenzo-Trueba, J., Barra-Chicote, R., Yamagishi, J., Montero, J.M. (2014). Towards Cross-Lingual Emotion Transplantation. In: Navarro Mesa, J.L., et al. Advances in Speech and Language Technologies for Iberian Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8854. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13623-3_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13623-3_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-13622-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-13623-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)