Abstract
Visual semantic entity recognition (visual SER) aims to extract contents that fall in key fields from the given visually-rich document image, and it has been widely applied across diverse scenarios. Most existing visual SER methods employ the BIO tagging schema to extract key entities, necessitating well-organized OCR results at the entity level as prior information. However, meeting this prerequisite is challenging in real-world applications. General OCR engines typically provide disordered line-level results, where entities with multiple text lines are split into several segments. Moreover, some adjacent entities may fall into the same detection box, posing challenges for accurate span detection and text aggregation. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel framework, ROISER (Real wOrld vIsual Semantic Entity Recognition), integrating entity line span detection, line aggregation, and line classification to achieve visual SER with real-world OCR input. Experiment results demonstrate that our model outperforms existing approaches on various benchmarks, showcasing its effectiveness and compatibility for practical applications.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Appalaraju, S., Jasani, B., Kota, B.U., Xie, Y., Manmatha, R.: DocFormer: end-to-end transformer for document understanding. In: 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 973–983. IEEE (2021)
Cao, H., et al.: Query-driven generative network for document information extraction in the wild. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 4261–4271 (2022)
Chi, Z., et al.: InfoXLM: an information-theoretic framework for cross-lingual language model pre-training. In: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp. 3576–3588 (2021)
Davis, B., Morse, B., Price, B., Tensmeyer, C., Wigington, C., Morariu, V.: End-to-end document recognition and understanding with dessurt. In: Karlinsky, L., Michaeli, T., Nishino, K. (eds.) Computer Vision – ECCV 2022 Workshops: Tel Aviv, Israel, October 23–27, 2022, Proceedings, Part IV, pp. 280–296. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25069-9_19
Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of NAACL-HLT, pp. 4171–4186 (2019)
Gu, Z., et al.: XYLayoutLM: towards layout-aware multimodal networks for visually-rich document understanding. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4583–4592 (2022)
Jaume, G., Ekenel, H.K., Thiran, J.P.: FUNSD: a dataset for form understanding in noisy scanned documents. In: ICDAR-OST (2019)
Guo, H., Qin, X., Liu, J., Han, J., Liu, J., Ding, E.: EATEN: entity-aware attention for single shot visual text extraction. In: 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 254–259. IEEE (2019)
Ha, J., Haralick, R.M., Phillips, I.T.: Recursive X-Y cut using bounding boxes of connected components. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 952–955. IEEE (1995)
Hong, T., Kim, D., Ji, M., Hwang, W., Nam, D., Park, S.: BROS: a pre-trained language model focusing on text and layout for better key information extraction from documents. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 36(10), pp. 10767–10775 (2022)
Hu, K., Wu, Z., Zhong, Z., Lin, W., Sun, L., Huo, Q.: A question-answering approach to key value pair extraction from form-like document images. Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell. 37(11), 12899–12906 (2023)
Huang, Y., Lv, T., Cui, L., Lu, Y., Wei, F.: LayoutLMv3: pre-training for document AI with unified text and image masking. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 4083–4091 (2022)
Huang, Z., Chen, K., He, J., Bai, X., Karatzas, D., Lu, S., Jawahar, C.: ICDAR2019 competition on scanned receipt OCR and information extraction. In: 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 1516–1520. IEEE (2019)
Kim, G., et al.: OCR-free document understanding transformer. In: Avidan, S., Brostow, G., Cissé, M., Farinella, G.M., Hassner, T. (eds.) Computer Vision – ECCV 2022: 17th European Conference, Tel Aviv, Israel, October 23–27, 2022, Proceedings, Part XXVIII, pp. 498–517. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19815-1_29
Li, C., et al.: StructuralLM: structural pre-training for form understanding. In: Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 6309–6318 (2021)
Li, C., et al.: PP-OCRv3: more attempts for the improvement of ultra lightweight OCR system. arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.03001 (2022)
Li, Y., et al.: StrucTexT: structured text understanding with multi-modal transformers. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1912–1920 (2021)
Liao, H., et al.: DocTr: document transformer for structured information extraction in documents. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 19584–19594 (2023)
Lin, Z., et al.: PEneo: unifying line extraction, line grouping, and entity linking for end-to-end document pair extraction. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.03472 (2024)
Loshchilov, I., Hutter, F.: Decoupled weight decay regularization. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) (2019)
Luo, C., Cheng, C., Zheng, Q., Yao, C.: GeoLayoutLM: geometric pre-training for visual information extraction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 7092–7101 (2023)
Park, S., et al.: CORD: a consolidated receipt dataset for post-OCR parsing. In: Workshop on Document Intelligence at NeurIPS 2019 (2019)
Peng, Q., et al.: ERNIE-Layout: Layout knowledge enhanced pre-training for visually-rich document understanding. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2022, pp. 3744–3756 (2022)
Ramshaw, L.A., Marcus, M.P.: Text chunking using transformation-based learning. In: Armstrong, S., Church, K., Isabelle, P., Manzi, S., Tzoukermann, E., Yarowsky, D. (eds.) Natural Language Processing Using Very Large Corpora, pp. 157–176. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2390-9_10
Shrivastava, A., Gupta, A., Girshick, R.: Training region-based object detectors with online hard example mining. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 761–769 (2016)
Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 30 (2017)
Wang, J., Jin, L., Ding, K.: LiLT: a simple yet effective language-independent layout transformer for structured document understanding. In: Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 7747–7757 (2022)
Wang, Z., Xu, Y., Cui, L., Shang, J., Wei, F.: LayoutReader: pre-training of text and layout for reading order detection. In: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 4735–4744 (2021)
Xu, Y., et al.: LayoutLMv2: multi-modal pre-training for visually-rich document understanding. In: Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 2579–2591 (2021)
Xu, Y., Li, M., Cui, L., Huang, S., Wei, F., Zhou, M.: LayoutLM: pre-training of text and layout for document image understanding. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, pp. 1192–1200 (2020)
Xu, Y., et al.: LayoutXLM: multimodal pre-training for multilingual visually-rich document understanding (2021)
Xu, Y., et al.: XFUND: a benchmark dataset for multilingual visually rich form understanding. In: Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2022, pp. 3214–3224 (2022)
Yang, Z., et al.: Modeling entities as semantic points for visual information extraction in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 15358–15367 (2023)
Zhang, C., et al.: Reading order matters: information extraction from visually-rich documents by token path prediction. In: Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 13716–13730 (2023)
Acknowledgement
This research is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 62441604, 62476093).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2025 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lin, Z., Wang, J., Liao, W., Dai, W., Xiong, L., Jin, L. (2025). ROISER: Towards Real World Semantic Entity Recognition from Visually-Rich Documents. In: Antonacopoulos, A., Chaudhuri, S., Chellappa, R., Liu, CL., Bhattacharya, S., Pal, U. (eds) Pattern Recognition. ICPR 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 15331. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78119-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78119-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-78118-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-78119-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)