Abstract
A finger manipulandum was developed to assess human motor learning in a virtual mirror game. The task is the leader-follower modality in the mirror paradigm. The follower in the virtual dynamic system is controlled by the force generated by the interaction between human and manipulandum due to pinching. One participant played the game for five consecutive days. The player's kinematic tracking error was found to fit the free energy model leading to motor learning. In addition, the acquired data were processed with a machine learning algorithm to predict the retention data. Both the free energy model and predictors were found to provide promising results for more detailed motor learning models of healthy subjects and stroke patients.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Raffin, E., Hummel, F.: Restoring motor functions after stroke: multiple approaches and opportunities. Neuroscientist 24(4), 400–416 (2017)
Hatem, S., et al.: Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke: a multiple systematic review focused on techniques to stimulate upper extremity recovery. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10 (2016)
Krebs, H., Hogan, N., Aisen, M., Volpe, B.: Robot-aided neurorehabilitation. IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng. 6(1), 75–87 (1998)
Colombo, R., et al.: Design strategies to improve patient motivation during robot-aided rehabilitation. J. NeuroEng. Rehab. 4(1) (2007)
Volpe, B., Krebs, H., Hogan, N., Edelstein, L., Diels, C., Aisen, M.: A novel approach to stroke rehabilitation. Neurology 54(10), 1938–1944 (2000)
Oña, E., Garcia-Haro, J., Jardón, A., Balaguer, C.: Robotics in health care: perspectives of robot-aided interventions in clinical practice for rehabilitation of upper limbs. Appl. Sci. 9(13), 2586 (2019)
Babaiasl, M., Mahdioun, S., Jaryani, P., Yazdani, M.: A review of technological and clinical aspects of robot-aided rehabilitation of upper-extremity after stroke. Disab. Rehab. Assist. Technol. 1–18 (2015)
Sveistrup, H.: J. NeuroEng. Rehab. 1(1), 10 (2004)
Colombo, R., Sanguineti, V.: Assistive controllers and modalities for robot-aided neurorehabilitation. Rehab. Robot. 63–74 (2018)
Krakauer, J.: The applicability of motor learning to neurorehabilitation. Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation, pp. 55–64 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0007
Krakauer, J., Hadjiosif, A., Xu, J., Wong, A., Haith, A.: Motor Learning. Comprehensive Physiology, pp. 613–663 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c170043
Friston, K.: The free-energy principle: a rough guide to the brain? Trends Cogn. Sci. 13(7), 293–301 (2009)
Demekas, D., Parr, T., Friston, K.J.: An investigation of the free energy principle for emotion recognition. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 14 (2020)
Brookes, J., et al.: Exploring disturbance as a force for good in motor learning (2019)
Haith, A., Krakauer, J.: Model-based and model-free mechanisms of human motor learning. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, pp. 1–21 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5465-6_1
Ueyama, Y.: System identification of neural mechanisms from trial-by-trial motor behaviour: modelling of learning, impairment and recovery. Adv. Robot. 31(3), 107–117 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/01691864.2016.1266966
Casadio, M., Sanguineti, V.: Learning, retention, and slacking: a model of the dynamics of recovery in robot therapy. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehab. Eng. 20(3), 286–296 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2012.2190827
Reinkensmeyer, D., et al.: Computational neurorehabilitation: modeling plasticity and learning to predict recovery. J. NeuroEng. Rehab. 13(1) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-016-0148-3
Reinkensmeyer, D., Guigon, E., Maier, M.: A computational model of use-dependent motor recovery following a stroke: Optimizing corticospinal activations via reinforcement learning can explain residual capacity and other strength recovery dynamics. Neural Networks 29–30, 60–69 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2012.02.002
Yağmur, O.: Model-based Evaluation of the Control Strategies of a Hand Rehabilitation Robot Based on Motor Learning Principles. Middle East Technical University, MSc (2022)
Konvalinka, I., Vuust, P., Roepstorff, A., Frith, C.: Follow you, follow me: continuous mutual prediction and adaptation in joint tapping. Quar. J. Exper. Psychol. 63(11), 2220–2230 (2010)
Noy, L., Dekel, E., Alon, U.: The mirror game as a paradigm for studying the dynamics of two people improvising motion together. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108(52), 20947–20952 (2011)
Takagi, A., Ganesh, G., Yoshioka, T., Kawato, M., Burdet, E.: Physically interacting individuals estimate the partner’s goal to enhance their movements. Nature Hum. Behav. 1(3) (2017)
Ganesh, G., Takagi, A., Osu, R., Yoshioka, T., Kawato, M., Burdet, E.: Two is better than one: physical interactions improve motor performance in humans. Sci. Rep. 4(1) (2014)
Künzell, S., Sießmeir, D., Ewolds, H.: Validation of the continuous tracking paradigm for studying implicit motor learning. Exper. Psychol. 63(6), 318–325 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000343
Özen, Ö., Buetler, K., Marchal-Crespo, L.: Promoting motor variability during robotic assistance enhances motor learning of dynamic tasks. Front. Neurosci. 14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.600059
Howard, I., Ingram, J., Wolpert, D.: A modular planar robotic manipulandum with end-point torque control. J. Neurosci. Methods 181(2), 199–211 (2009)
Millman, P., Colgate, J.: Design of a four degree-of-freedom force-reflecting manipulandum with a specified force/torque workspace. In: Proceedings. 1991 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (1991)
Metzger, J., Lambercy, O., Chapuis, D., Gassert, R.: Design and characterization of the ReHapticKnob, a robot for assessment and therapy of hand function. In: 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2011.6094882
Metzger, J., Lambercy, O., Gassert, R.: High-fidelity rendering of virtual objects with the ReHapticKnob - novel avenues in robot assisted rehabilitation of hand function. In: 2012 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS) (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/haptic.2012.6183769
Karl, F.: A free energy principle for biological systems. Entropy 14(11), 2100–2121 (2012)
Clark, A.: Whatever next? predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behav. Brain Sci. 36(3), 181–204 (2013)
Hochreiter, S., Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory. Neural Comput. 9(8), 1735–1780 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735
Sherstinsky, A.: Fundamentals of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. Phys. D Nonlinear Phenomena 404, 132306 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2019.132306
Zhai, C., Alderisio, F., Słowiński, P., Tsaneva-Atanasova, K., di Bernardo, M.: Design of a virtual player for joint improvisation with humans in the mirror game. PLoS ONE 11(4), e0154361 (2016)
Friston, K.J., Stephan, K.E.: Free-energy and the brain. Synthese 159(3), 417–458 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-007-9237-y
Annis, J., Miller, B.J., Palmeri, T.J.: Bayesian inference with Stan: a tutorial on adding custom distributions. Behav. Res. Methods 49(3), 863–886 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0746-9
Muth, C., Oravecz, Z., Gabry, J.: User-friendly bayesian regression modeling: a tutorial with RSTANARM and Shinystan. Quant. Meth. Psychol. 14(2), 99–119 (2018). https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.14.2.p099
Pan, S., Duraisamy, K.: On the structure of time-delay embedding in linear models of non-linear dynamical systems (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Okasha, A., Şengezer, S., Özdemir, O., Yozgatlıgil, C., Turgut, A.E., Arıkan, K.B. (2022). Modeling and Evaluation of Human Motor Learning by Finger Manipulandum. In: Cavallo, F., et al. Social Robotics. ICSR 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13817. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24667-8_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24667-8_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-24666-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-24667-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)