Service-Oriented Reconfiguration in Systems of Systems Assured by Dynamic Modular Safety Cases | SpringerLink
Skip to main content

Service-Oriented Reconfiguration in Systems of Systems Assured by Dynamic Modular Safety Cases

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Dependable Computing - EDCC 2021 Workshops (EDCC 2021)

Abstract

The drive for automation in industry and transport results in an increasing demand for cooperative systems that form cyber-physical systems of systems. One of the characteristic features of such systems is dynamic reconfiguration, which facilitates emergent behavior to respond to internal variations as well as to environmental changes. By means of cooperation, systems of systems can achieve greater efficiency regarding fulfillment of their goals. These goals are not limited to performance, but must also include safety aspects to assure a system of systems to operate safely in various configurations. In this paper, we present a reconfiguration approach which includes consideration of dynamic modular safety cases. During operation, configuration of system of systems will adapt to changes, selecting the most appropriate service composition from the set of possible compositions derived from blueprints. Variations of service compositions lead to changes in the associated safety cases, which are evaluated at run-time and taken into account during configuration selection. With this approach, safe operation of cyber-physical systems of systems with run-time reconfiguration can be guaranteed.

This research was funded by the Berlin Institute for Applied Research (IFAF) within the SiReSS-project, and by the German Ministry for Education and Research in frame of the ITEA3 research project CyberFactory#1 under funding ID 01IS18061D.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
JPY 3498
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
JPY 5719
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
JPY 7149
Price includes VAT (Japan)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zeigler, B., Mittal, S., Traoré, M.: MBSE with/out simulation: state of the art and way forward. Systems 6, 40 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/systems6040040

  2. Lee, E.A.: Cyber physical systems: design challenges. In: 2008 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), pp. 363–369, May 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2008.25

  3. Zhou, M., Li, H.X., Weijnen, M.: A Complex Adaptive System of Systems Approach to Human-Automation Interaction in Smart Grid, pp. 425–500. Wiley-IEEE Press (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119036821.ch12

  4. Despotou, G., Alexander, R., Hall-May, M.: Key concepts and characteristics of systems of systems (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bradbury, J.S., Cordy, J.R., Dingel, J., Wermelinger, M.: A survey of self-management in dynamic software architecture specifications. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSOFT Workshop on Self-Managed Systems, WOSS 2004, pp. 28–33. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2004). https://doi.org/10.1145/1075405.1075411

  6. Sinreich, D.: An architectural blueprint for autonomic computing. Technical report, IBM (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Salehie, M., Tahvildari, L.: Towards a goal-driven approach to action selection in self-adaptive software. Softw. Pract. Exp. 42(2), 211–233 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.1066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mauro, J., Nieke, M., Seidl, C., Yu, I.C.: Context aware reconfiguration in software product lines. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems, VaMoS 2016, pp. 41–48. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2866614.2866620

  9. Rosa, L., Rodrigues, L., Lopes, A., Hiltunen, M., Schlichting, R.: Self-management of adaptable component-based applications. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 39(3), 403–421 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2012.29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hu, M., Liao, Y., Wang, W., Li, G., Cheng, B., Chen, F.: Decision tree-based maneuver prediction for driver rear-end risk-avoidance behaviors in cut-in scenarios. J. Adv. Transp. 2017, 1–12 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wang, F.Y.: Parallel control and management for intelligent transportation systems: concepts, architectures, and applications. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 11(3), 630–638 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2010.2060218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ding, Z., Zhou, Y., Zhou, M.: Modeling self-adaptive software systems with learning petri nets. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. 46(4), 483–498 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2015.2433892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zeadally, S., Sanislav, T., Mois, G.D.: Self-adaptation techniques in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). IEEE Access 7, 171126–171139 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2956124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kosmalska, A.: Flexilience: balancing key requirements in autonomous systems. https://safe-intelligence.fraunhofer.de/flexilience. Accessed 11 June 2021

  15. Sillmann, B., Gruber, K., Glock, T., Sax, E.: Multi-objective optimization of system of systems architectures for vehicle to infrastructure applications using an evolutionary algorithm. In: 2018 IEEE International Systems Engineering Symposium (ISSE), pp. 1–5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/SysEng.2018.8544390

  16. Feng, X., Wäppling, D., Andersson, H., Ölvander, J., Tarkian, M.: Multi-objective optimization in industrial robotic cell design. In: DAC 2010 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Willigen, W.V., Haasdijk, E., Kester, L.: A multi-objective approach to evolving platooning strategies in intelligent transportation systems. In: GECCO 2013 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dovgan, E., Gams, M., Filipič, B.: A real-time multiobjective optimization algorithm for discovering driving strategies. Transp. Sci. 53(3), 695–707 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Schneider, E.: A middleware approach for dynamic real-time software reconfiguration on distributed embedded systems: networking and internet architecture. Ph.D. thesis, Louis Pasteur University (2004). https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011926

  20. Kelly, T.P.: Arguing safety, a systematic approach to managing safety cases. Ph.D. thesis, University of York, York, United Kingdom (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Modular software safety case (MSSC) (2012). https://www.amsderisc.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/MSSC_101_Issue_01_PD_2012_11_17.pdf

  22. Denney, E., Pai, G., Habli, I.: Dynamic safety cases for through-life safety assurance. In: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2015, vol. 2, pp. 587–590. IEEE Press (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mirzaei, E., Thomas, C., Conrad, M.: Safety cases for adaptive systems of systems: state of the art and current challenges. In: Bernardi, S., et al. (eds.) EDCC 2020. CCIS, vol. 1279, pp. 127–138. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58462-7_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Goal Structuring Notation Community Standard (Version 2). The Assurance Case Working Group, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA (2018). www.scsc.uk/gc

  25. Benvenuti, L., Ferrari, A., Mazzi, E., Vincentelli, A.L.S.: Contract-based design for computation and verification of a closed-loop hybrid system. In: Egerstedt, M., Mishra, B. (eds.) HSCC 2008. LNCS, vol. 4981, pp. 58–71. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78929-1_5

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Fenn, J., Hawkins, R., Williams, P., Kelly, T., Banner, M., Oakshott, Y.: The who, where, how, why and when of modular and incremental certification. In: IET Conference Proceedings, pp. 135–140(5), January 2007. https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/conferences/10.1049/cp20070454

  27. Björnander, S., Land, R., Graydon, P., Lundqvist, K., Conmy, P.: A method to formally evaluate safety case arguments against a system architecture model. In: 2nd edition of the IEEE Workshop on Software Certification (WoSoCER2012). IEEE Computer Society, November 2012. http://www.es.mdh.se/publications/2687

  28. Graydon, M., Bate, I.: The nature and content of safety contracts: challenges and suggestions for a way forward. In: Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, PRDC, pp. 135–144, December 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/PRDC.2014.24

  29. Bates, S., Bate, I., Hawkins, R., Kelly, T., McDermid, J., Fletcher, R.: Safety case architectures to complement a contract-based approach to designing safe systems. In: Proceedings of the 21st International System Safety Conference (ISSC) (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jaradat, O., Bate, I., Punnekkat, S.: Using sensitivity analysis to facilitate the maintenance of safety cases. In: de la Puente, J.A., Vardanega, T. (eds.) Ada-Europe 2015. LNCS, vol. 9111, pp. 162–176. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19584-1_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Jaradat, O., Bate, I.: Deriving hierarchical safety contracts. In: 2015 IEEE 21st Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC), pp. 119–128 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/PRDC.2015.21

  32. Jaradat, O.T.S., Bate, I.: Using safety contracts to guide the maintenance of systems and safety cases. In: 2017 13th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC), pp. 95–102 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2017.20

  33. Jaradat, O., Punnekkat, S.: Using safety contracts to verify design assumptions during runtime. In: Casimiro, A., Ferreira, P.M. (eds.) Ada-Europe 2018. LNCS, vol. 10873, pp. 3–18. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92432-8_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Jaradat, O., Sljivo, I., Hawkins, R., Habli, I.: Modular safety cases for the assurance of industry 4.0. In: Safety-Critical Systems Symposium, February 2020

    Google Scholar 

  35. Calinescu, R., Weyns, D., Gerasimou, S., Iftikhar, M.U., Habli, I., Kelly, T.: Engineering trustworthy self-adaptive software with dynamic assurance cases. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 44(11), 1039–1069 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2017.2738640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Asaadi, E., Denney, E., Menzies, J., Pai, G.J., Petroff, D.: Dynamic assurance cases: a pathway to trusted autonomy. Computer 53(12), 35–46 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2020.3022030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Cheng, B.H.C., Clark, R.J., Fleck, J.E., Langford, M.A., McKinley, P.K.: AC-ROS: assurance case driven adaptation for the robot operating system. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2020, pp. 102–113. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3365438.3410952

  38. Denney, E., Pai, G., Habli, I.: Dynamic safety cases for through-life safety assurance. In: 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 587–590 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE.2015.199

  39. Denney, E., Pai, G.: Automating the assembly of aviation safety cases. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 63(4), 830–849 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.2014.2335995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Denney, E., Pai, G.: Towards a formal basis for modular safety cases. In: Koornneef, F., van Gulijk, C. (eds.) SAFECOMP 2015. LNCS, vol. 9337, pp. 328–343. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24255-2_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. Schneider, D., Trapp, M.: Conditional safety certification of open adaptive systems. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 8(2) (2013). https://doi.org/10.1145/2491465.2491467

  42. Trapp, M., Schneider, D., Weiss, G.: Towards safety-awareness and dynamic safety management. In: 2018 14th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC), pp. 107–111 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2018.00027

  43. Feth, P., Schneider, D., Adler, R.: A conceptual safety supervisor definition and evaluation framework for autonomous systems. In: Tonetta, S., Schoitsch, E., Bitsch, F. (eds.) SAFECOMP 2017. LNCS, vol. 10488, pp. 135–148. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66266-4_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  44. Schneider, D., Trapp, M.: B-space: dynamic management and assurance of open systems of systems. J. Internet Serv. Appl. 9, 1–16 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Moncada, D.S.V., et al.: Dynamic Safety Certification for Collaborative Embedded Systems at Runtime, pp. 171–196. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/9783030621360_8

  46. Siefke, L., Sommer, V., Wudka, B., Thomas, C.: Robotic systems of systems based on a decentralized service-oriented architecture. Robotics 9(4), 78 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics9040078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Richardson, C.: Microservices Patterns: With Examples in Java, 1st edn. Manning Publications, Shelter Island, New York (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Wudka, B., Thomas, C., Siefke, L., Sommer, V.: A reconfiguration approach for open adaptive systems-of-systems. In: 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 219–222. IEEE Computer Society, October 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSREW51248.2020.00076

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carsten Thomas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Thomas, C., Mirzaei, E., Wudka, B., Siefke, L., Sommer, V. (2021). Service-Oriented Reconfiguration in Systems of Systems Assured by Dynamic Modular Safety Cases. In: Adler, R., et al. Dependable Computing - EDCC 2021 Workshops. EDCC 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1462. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86507-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86507-8_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-86506-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-86507-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics