Abstract
Expected communication scenarios within the emerging landscape of Internet of Things (IoT) bring the growth of smart devices connected in the communication network. The communication technologies of greatest interest for IoT are known as Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs). Today, there are LPWA technologies (Sigfox, Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), and Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT)) capable to provide energy efficient communication as well as extended communication coverage. This paper provides an analysis of LPWA technologies and describes experimental evaluation of LoRaWAN technology in real conditions. The LoRaWAN technology provides over 150 dB Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL), which together with maximum transmission power (TX) 14 dBm and spreading factor 7 results in theoretical communication distance in units of kilometers. The obtained results from field-deployment in the city of Brno, Czech Republic confirm the initial expectations as it was possible to establish reliable communication between low-end LoRaWAN device and LoRaWAN gateway on the distance up to 6 km.
The described research was supported by the National Sustainability Program under grant LO1401. The publication has been prepared with the support of the “RUDN University Program 5-100” (recipients Irina Gudkova, Dmitry Poluektov, Petr Kharin). The reported study was funded by RFBR, project numbers 18-00-01555(18-00-01685), 19-07-00933 (recipient Konstantin Samouylov). This article is based as well upon support of international mobility project MeMoV, No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16\(\_\)027/00083710 funded by European Union, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic and Brno University of Technology. For the research, infrastructure of the SIX Center (Czech Republic) as well as the 5G Lab RUDN (Russia) was used.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
In the Czech Republic, the regulations are driven by the Czech Telecommunication Office.
- 3.
- 4.
References
LPWAN emerging as fastest growing IoT communication technology - 1.1 billion IoT connections expected by 2023, LoRa and NB-IoT the current market leaders. https://iot-analytics.com/lpwan-market-report-2018-2023-new-report/
Aref, M., Sikora, A.: Free space range measurements with Semtech LoRa™ technology. In: 2014 2nd International Symposium on Wireless Systems within the Conferences on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems, pp. 19–23. IEEE (2014)
Augustin, A., Yi, J., Clausen, T., Townsley, W.: A study of LoRa: long range & low power networks for the Internet of Things. Sensors 16(9), 1466 (2016)
Cenedese, A., Zanella, A., Vangelista, L., Zorzi, M.: Padova smart city: an Urban Internet of Things experimentation. In: Proceeding of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks 2014, pp. 1–6. IEEE (2014)
Centenaro, M., Vangelista, L., Zanella, A., Zorzi, M.: Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: the rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 23(5), 60–67 (2016)
Cisco Visual Networking Index: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 2017–2022. White Paper (2019)
Marais, J.M., Malekian, R., Abu-Mahfouz, A.M.: LoRa and LoRaWAN testbeds: a review. In: 2017 IEEE Africon, pp. 1496–1501. IEEE (2017)
Markova, E., et al.: Flexible spectrum management in a Smart City within licensed shared access framework. IEEE Access 5, 22252–22261 (2017)
Nordrum, A., et al.: Popular Internet of Things forecast of 50 billion devices by 2020 is outdated. IEEE Spectr. 18(3) (2016)
Ometov, A., et al.: System-level analysis of IEEE 802.11 ah technology for unsaturated MTC traffic. Int. J. Sens. Netw. 26(4), 269–282 (2018)
Petajajarvi, J., Mikhaylov, K., Roivainen, A., Hanninen, T., Pettissalo, M.: On the coverage of LPWANs: range evaluation and channel attenuation model for LoRa technology. In: 2015 14th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST), pp. 55–59. IEEE (2015)
Petrić, T., Goessens, M., Nuaymi, L., Toutain, L., Pelov, A.: Measurements, performance and analysis of LoRa FABIAN, a real-world implementation of LPWAN. In: 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 1–7. IEEE (2016)
Pötsch, A., Haslhofer, F.: Practical limitations for deployment of LoRa gateways. In: 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Measurement and Networking (M&N), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2017)
Radcliffe, P.J., Chavez, K.G., Beckett, P., Spangaro, J., Jakob, C.: Usability of LoRaWAN technology in a central business district. In: 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2017)
Raza, U., Kulkarni, P., Sooriyabandara, M.: Low power wide area networks: an overview. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 19(2), 855–873 (2017)
Vatcharatiansakul, N., Tuwanut, P., Pornavalai, C.: Experimental performance evaluation of LoRaWAN: a case study in Bangkok. In: 2017 14th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE), pp. 1–4. IEEE (2017)
Vitturi, S., Zunino, C., Sauter, T.: Industrial communication systems and their future challenges: next-generation Ethernet, IIoT, and 5G. Proc. IEEE 107(6), 944–961 (2019)
Wendt, T., Volk, F., Mackensen, E.: A benchmark survey of long range (LoRaTM) spread-spectrum-communication at 2.45 GHz for safety applications. In: 2015 IEEE 16th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON), pp. 1–4. IEEE (2015)
Wixted, A.J., Kinnaird, P., Larijani, H., Tait, A., Ahmadinia, A., Strachan, N.: Evaluation of LoRa and LoRaWAN for wireless sensor networks. In: 2016 IEEE Sensors, pp. 1–3. IEEE (2016)
Xiong, X., Zheng, K., Xu, R., Xiang, W., Chatzimisios, P.: Low power wide area machine-to-machine networks: key techniques and prototype. IEEE Commun. Mag. 53(9), 64–71 (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Poluektov, D. et al. (2019). On the Performance of LoRaWAN in Smart City: End-Device Design and Communication Coverage. In: Vishnevskiy, V., Samouylov, K., Kozyrev, D. (eds) Distributed Computer and Communication Networks. DCCN 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11965. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36614-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36614-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36613-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36614-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)