Abstract
We consider the complexity of problems related to 2-dimensional texts (2d-texts) described succinctly. In a succinct description, larger rectangular sub-texts are defined in terms of smaller parts in a way similar to that of Lempel-Ziv compression for 1-dimensional texts, or in shortly described strings as in [9], or in hierarchical graphs described by context-free graph grammars. A given 2d-text T with many internal repetitions can have a hierarchical description (denoted Compress(T)) which is up to exponentially smaller and which can be the only part of the input for a pattern-matching algorithm which gives information about T. Such a hierarchical description is given in terms of a straight-line program, see [9] or, equivalently, a 2-dimensional grammar.
We consider compressed pattern-matching, where the input consists of a 2d-pattern P and of a hierarchical description of a 2d-text T, and fully compressed pattern-matching, where the input consists of hierarchical descriptions of both the pattern P and the text T. For 1-dimensional strings there exist polynomial-time deterministic algorithms for these problems, for similar types of succinct text descriptions [2, 6, 8, 9]. We show that the complexity dramatically increases in a 2-dimensional setting. For example, compressed 2d-matching is NP-complete, fully compressed 2d-matching is Σ p2 -complete, and testing a given occurrence of a two dimensional compressed pattern is co-NP-complete.
On the other hand, we give efficient algorithms for the related problems of randomized equality testing and testing for a given occurrence of an uncompressed pattern.
We also show the surprising fact that the compressed size of a subrectangle of a compressed 2d-text can grow exponentially, unlike the one dimensional case.
This research was partially supported by the DFG Grant KA 673/4-1
Research partially supported by National Science Foundation grant CCR-9503441. Part of this work was done while the author was visiting Institut Informatik V, Universität Bonn, Germany.
Supported by the grant KBN 8T11C01208.
Supported by the grant KBN 8T11C01208.
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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Berman, P., Karpinski, M., Larmore, L.L., Plandowski, W., Rytter, W. (1997). On the complexity of pattern matching for highly compressed two-dimensional texts. In: Apostolico, A., Hein, J. (eds) Combinatorial Pattern Matching. CPM 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1264. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63220-4_48
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63220-4_48
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