Past and Future Emissions of Ammonia in Europe

Klaassen, G. (1991). Past and Future Emissions of Ammonia in Europe. IIASA Status Report. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: SR-91-001

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Abstract

The ammonia emissions of the RAINS model are presented. Sources of ammonia considered are: livestock farming, fertilizers, industry, human population and other anthropogenic sources. Data on emission factors are based on recent insights in the Netherlands but are adapted to account for country-specific elements such as: stall period, N-excretion, and the age and weight distribution. Ammonia emissions in 1980 in 26 European countries and Turkey are estimated at 7960 kilotons; 10 per cent higher than Buijsman et al. (1987) estimated. Ammonia emissions in 1987 are 8143 kilotons. This is 15 per cent lower than Asman (1990) suggested but corresponds fairly well with EMEP estimates. Country and source specific estimates, however, are more uncertain: differences between 5 and 40 per cent are possible. Estimates for cattle and fertilizer are major sources of divergencies. Based on national agricultural forecasts and trend analysis, future emissions of NH, are expected to increase with 8 per cent (over 1980) to 8620 kiloton in 2000.

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