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. 2023:28:56.
doi: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00059.

Factors associated with postpartum smoking relapse at early postpartum period of Japanese women in the Japan Environmental and Children's Study

Akane Anai  1   2   3 , Kaname Asato  1   2 , Nozomi Tatsuta  1   2 , Kasumi Sakurai  2 , Chiharu Ota  1   2 , Shinichi Kuriyama  2 , Junichi Sugawara  2 , Takahiro Arima  2 , Nobuo Yaegashi  2 , Kunihiko Nakai  1   2   4 ; Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Affiliations

Factors associated with postpartum smoking relapse at early postpartum period of Japanese women in the Japan Environmental and Children's Study

Akane Anai et al. Environ Health Prev Med. 2023.

Abstract

Background: Postpartum smoking relapse is a serious public health concern. Previous studies have identified several risk factors for postpartum smoking relapse; however, very little is known about the predictors of early postpartum smoking relapse. This study aimed to determine postpartum smoking relapse status and its associated risk factors at 1 month postpartum among Japanese women.

Methods: Data were obtained from 93,851 mothers with live births in an ongoing birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Data on smoking status and confounding variables were collected using self-administered questionnaires and medical record transcripts. Self-administered questionnaires were administered during the first trimester, second/third trimester, and 1 month after delivery. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results: Among the 14,326 mothers who smoked during pregnancy, 10,917 (76.2%) quit smoking during pregnancy. Subsequently, 617 (5.7%) of the mothers who had quit relapsed smoking at 1 month postpartum. Maternal age (≤24, ≥35), maternal education (≤12 years), parity (≥Second), feeding method (Formula milk), partner smoking status during pregnancy (Smoker), number of cigarettes per day before the cessation of smoking (≥11), maternal alcohol consumption at 1-month postpartum (Drinker), postpartum depression (EPDS score ≥9), and spending time at the parents' home after delivery (≥14 days) were associated with smoking relapse.

Conclusions: A certain number of mothers relapsed even 1 month postpartum. Besides mother's alcohol and smoking habit before pregnancy, breastfeeding and partner smoking are important factors in early postpartum smoking relapse in Japan.

Keywords: Factor of smoking relapse; Maternal smoking; Postpartum smoking relapse; Smoking cessation during pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart for selection of women from JECS and participants’ smoking status. MT1, self-administered questionnaires conducted during the first trimester of pregnancy; MT2, self-administered questionnaires conducted during the second/third trimester of pregnancy; M1m, self-administered questionnaires conducted at one month after delivery; BMI, Body Mass Index; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
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