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面向初学者的Docker快速入门指南
kevinaoc
发布于 2022-6-22 17:21
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作者 |Lizeyang
来源 |DevOps云学堂（ID：idevopsvip）
Docker快速入门
1.1 安装docker(Linux)
yum源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo为了速度可以替换文件中的url。
:%s/download.docker.com/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/docker-ce/gDocker version 19.03.12, build 48a66213fe
dnf config-manager --add-repo=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
dnf list docker-ce
dnf install docker-ce --nobest -y
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
docker -v1.2 Docker指令
info 系统信息
[root@myserver ~]# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 18.09.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfsversion 查看docker版本信息
[root@myserver ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.12
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.13.10
Git commit: 48a66213fe
Built: Mon Jun 22 15:46:54 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.1
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.6
Git commit: 4c52b90
Built: Wed Jan 9 19:06:30 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes容器的生命周期
search 查找镜像
docker search hello-worldpull 下载镜像(docker hub)
[root@myserver ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latestimages 查看本地的镜像
[root@myserver ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kBrun 运行容器
- -i : 交互模式
- -t：分配一个终端
- -d：后台运行
- --name：指定容器的名称
- -p: 端口绑定
docker run [options] IMAGE
docker run hello-world
docker run --name mywebserver -it nginx
[root@myserver ~]# docker run --name mywebserver -itd nginx
8d485b358cc693c1e2b2d9b5c1d1a8092265d79bdcf1ee54d3d2f615f4f22064
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d485b358cc6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp mywebserverps 插件容器进程( -a 所有的，正在运行、已经停止的)
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
01bdedde3725 hello-world "/hello" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago hopeful_mendelrm 删除容器 (-f 强制)
## 指定容器的名称
[root@myserver ~]# docker rm mywebserver
mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
01bdedde3725 hello-world "/hello" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago hopeful_mendel
## 指定容器的ID删除
[root@myserver ~]# docker rm 01bdedde3725
01bdedde3725
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@myserver ~]#start/restart/stop/ 容器控制
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d485b358cc6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 20 minutes ago Up 20 minutes 80/tcp mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker stop mywebserver
mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@myserver ~]# docker start mywebserver
mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d485b358cc6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 21 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker restart mywebserver
mywebserverstats 显示容器使用的资源(CPU)
docker stats mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker stats mywebserver
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
8d485b358cc6 mywebserver 0.00% 2.309MiB / 3.664GiB 0.06% 3.44kB / 0B 0B / 0B 2
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDlogs 查看容器日志(-f 动态更新)
[root@myserver ~]# docker logs -f mywebserver
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: IPv6 listen already enabled, exiting
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: IPv6 listen already enabled, exiting
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start uppause/unpause 暂停保存容器的状态
[root@myserver ~]# docker pause mywebserver
mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d485b358cc6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 27 minutes ago Up 5 minutes (Paused) 80/tcp mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker unpause mywebserver
mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d485b358cc6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 27 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 80/tcp mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]#rename 重命名
docker rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME
[root@myserver ~]# docker rename mywebserver webserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d485b358cc6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 29 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 80/tcp webserverinspect 显示容器的详细属性信息
[root@myserver ~]# docker inspect webserver
[
{
"Id": "8d485b358cc693c1e2b2d9b5c1d1a8092265d79bdcf1ee54d3d2f615f4f22064",
"Created": "2020-07-09T01:55:08.20199984Z",
"Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 6429,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-07-09T02:16:41.996582526Z",
"FinishedAt": "2020-07-09T02:16:40.968627884Z"
},kill 关闭容器进程
[root@myserver ~]# docker kill webserver
webserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d485b358cc6 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 33 minutes ago Exited (137) 7 seconds ago webserver
[root@myserver ~]#top 查看容器进程
[root@myserver ~]# docker top webserver
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 7153 7136 0 22:30 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101 7211 7153 0 22:30 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@myserver ~]# docker top webserver 7153
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
7153 pts/0 Ss+ 0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
[root@myserver ~]#
exec 进入容器执行命令attach
[root@myserver ~]# docker exec -it webserver bash
root@8d485b358cc6:/# ls
curl 访问服务器nginx 成功port 显示容器端口绑定信息
[root@myserver ~]# docker port webserver
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8000cp 文件复制
[root@myserver ~]# docker cp /etc/hosts webserver:/tmp
[root@myserver ~]# docker exec -it webserver ls /tmp
hosts
[root@myserver ~]# docker cp webserver:/tmp/hosts ./
[root@myserver ~]# ls hosts
hostsdiff 容器文件系统发生的变化
[root@myserver ~]# docker diff webserver
C /etc
C /etc/nginx
C /etc/nginx/conf.d
C /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
C /run
A /run/nginx.pid
C /tmp
A /tmp/hosts
C /var
C /var/cache
C /var/cache/nginx
A /var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
A /var/cache/nginx/client_tempexport 导出容器文件系统到本地归档
[root@myserver ~]# docker export -o test.tar webserver
[root@myserver ~]# mkdir docker
[root@myserver ~]# mv test.tar docker/
[root@myserver ~]# cd docker/
[root@myserver docker]# ls
test.tar
[root@myserver docker]# tar xf test.tar
l[root@myserver docker]# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv test.tar usr
boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys tmp var
[root@myserver docker]# cd tmp/
[root@myserver tmp]# ls
hostsimport 导入压缩文件到镜像
[root@myserver docker]# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh etc lib media opt root sbin sys tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint.d Dockerfile home lib64 mnt proc run srv test.tar usr
[root@myserver docker]# docker import test.tar webserver:v2
sha256:5aa7a154ce2f07e8dc94d331d8809ea40ea5fab4ffa8935e2092771f863e3c0f
[root@myserver docker]# docker history webserver:v2
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
5aa7a154ce2f 15 seconds ago 130MB Imported from -
[root@myserver docker]#镜像操作
history 查看镜像的更新历史
[root@myserver ~]# docker history nginx
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entr… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:cc7d4f1d03426ebd… 1.04kB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:b96f664d94ca7bbe… 1.96kB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:d68fadb480cbc781… 1.09kB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system -… 62.9MB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.4.1 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.19.0 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:4d35f6c8bbbe6801c… 69.2MBlogin /logout Docker registry
[root@myserver ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: devopsvip
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@myserver ~]#
[root@myserver ~]# docker logout
Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/search 查找镜像
docker search hello-worldpull 下载镜像(docker hub)
[root@myserver ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latestimages 查看本地的镜像
[root@myserver ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kBtag重命名
[root@myserver ~]# docker tag hello-world:latest devopsvip/docker:latest
[root@myserver ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago 132MB
centos 7 b5b4d78bc90c 2 months ago 203MB
devopsvip/docker latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kBpush 上传镜像到镜像仓库
[root@myserver ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago 132MB
centos 7 b5b4d78bc90c 2 months ago 203MB
devopsvip/docker latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@myserver ~]# docker push devopsvip/docker:latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/devopsvip/docker]
9c27e219663c: Preparing
denied: requested access to the resource is denied
[root@myserver ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: devopsvip
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@myserver ~]# docker push devopsvip/docker:latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/devopsvip/docker]
9c27e219663c: Mounted from library/hello-world
latest: digest: sha256:90659bf80b44ce6be8234e6ff90a1ac34acbeb826903b02cfa0da11c82cbc042 size: 525rmi 删除镜像
[root@myserver ~]# docker rmi devopsvip/docker:latest
Untagged: devopsvip/docker:latest
Untagged: devopsvip/docker@sha256:90659bf80b44ce6be8234e6ff90a1ac34acbeb826903b02cfa0da11c82cbc042
[root@myserver ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago 132MB
centos 7 b5b4d78bc90c 2 months ago 203MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@myserver ~]#
commit 将容器变化为镜像
[root@myserver ~]# docker commit -a "devopsvipxx" -m "hhahh" webserver webserver:v1
sha256:d315f2bb406067262798358e85aaef06f2d99dfc1adbc8380dd9cc5d0f809e76
[root@myserver ~]# docker history webserver:v1
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
d315f2bb4060 2 seconds ago nginx -g daemon off; 1.39kB hhahh
2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entr… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:cc7d4f1d03426ebd… 1.04kB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:b96f664d94ca7bbe… 1.96kB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:d68fadb480cbc781… 1.09kB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system -… 62.9MB
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~buster 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.4.1 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.19.0 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do… 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:4d35f6c8bbbe6801c… 69.2MBbuild 构建镜像
Dockerfile
FROM nginx
docker build .
docker build -f aa/Dockerfile .
[root@myserver docker]# docker build .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 269.2MB
Step 1/1 : FROM webserver:v1
---> d315f2bb4060
Successfully built d315f2bb4060
[root@myserver docker
[root@myserver docker]# docker build -t webserver:v2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 269.2MB
Step 1/1 : FROM webserver:v1
---> d315f2bb4060
Successfully built d315f2bb4060
Successfully tagged webserver:v2load 通过归档文件加载镜像 save 将镜像制作归档文件
[root@myserver docker]# docker save -o webserver-v2.tar webserver:v2
[root@myserver docker]# docker rmi webserver:v2
Untagged: webserver:v2
Deleted: sha256:5aa7a154ce2f07e8dc94d331d8809ea40ea5fab4ffa8935e2092771f863e3c0f
Deleted: sha256:eef9ee7ccbdfd908b67057aa17a6d7292bbc0e7cb04a57896d25ce24a6e115b7
[root@myserver docker]# docker load -i webserver-v2.tar
eef9ee7ccbdf: Loading layer 134.6MB/134.6MB
Loaded image: webserver:v2
[root@myserver docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
webserver v2 5aa7a154ce2f 18 hours ago 130MB
webserver v1 d315f2bb4060 18 hours ago 132MB
<none> <none> 46a71bf11111 18 hours ago 132MB
<none> <none> 5ab53db1229d 18 hours ago 132MB
nginx latest 2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago 132MB
centos 7 b5b4d78bc90c 2 months ago 203MB
devopsvip/docker latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@myserver docker]#create 创建一个容器
[root@myserver docker]# docker create --name webnewserver nginx
bbc81d2c72831167da41a6ccda4e06e6efe51eba81cf6daace0f49e5815e88db
[root@myserver docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@myserver docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbc81d2c7283 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 17 seconds ago Created webnewserver
d2813b963195 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 19 hours ago Created youthful_ramanujan
4fe81888bdd1 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 24 hours ago Exited (255) 11 minutes ago 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp webserver
[root@myserver docker]# docker start webnewserver
webnewserver
[root@myserver docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbc81d2c7283 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 41 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp webnewserver
[root@myserver docker]#update 更新容器的配置
[root@myserver docker]# docker update --memory 1G --memory-swap 1G webaserver
[root@myserver docker]# docker stats webaserver
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
bd8375d39858 webaserver 0.00% 2.445MiB / 1GiB 0.24% 3.69kB / 0B前端项目容器化
1.1 手动部署前端项目
npm 安装， 直接输入npm指令，centos8 中会提示你安装。也可以手动安装nodejs环境。
git clone https://github.com/dockersamples/node-bulletin-board
cd node-bulletin-board/bulletin-board-app
npm install
[root@myserver bulletin-board-app]# npm install
> ejs@2.7.4 postinstall /root/newdocker/node-bulletin-board/bulletin-board-app/node_modules/ejs
> node ./postinstall.js
Thank you for installing EJS: built with the Jake JavaScript build tool (https://jakejs.com/)
npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file.
npm WARN vue-event-bulletin@1.0.0 No repository field.
npm WARN The package morgan is included as both a dev and production dependency.
added 91 packages from 168 contributors and audited 92 packages in 10.751s
found 0 vulnerabilities
[root@myserver bulletin-board-app]# npm start
> vue-event-bulletin@1.0.0 start /root/newdocker/node-bulletin-board/bulletin-board-app
> node server.js
Magic happens on port 8080...访问：http://192.168.1.105:8080/#
1.2 使用docker完成
编写dockerfile
FROM node:current-slim ## 基础镜像
WORKDIR /usr/src/app ## 指定工作目录
COPY package.json . ## 复制package.json
RUN npm install ## 进行安装
EXPOSE 8080 ## 端口
CMD [ "npm", "start" ] ## 运行npm start
COPY . . ## 复制当前目录内容构建生成镜像
docker build -t bulletinboard:1.0 .
docker build --tag bulletinboard:1.0 .创建容器
[root@myserver bulletin-board-app]# docker run -itd --name bb -p 8000:8080 bulletinboard:1.0
a0316d74ef5d943414a065ac147427c00c67cf393dd582ba967e1ffb016f1faa
[root@myserver bulletin-board-app]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a0316d74ef5d bulletinboard:1.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 0.0.0.0:8000->8080/tcp bb
####
-p: --publish
-d: --detach访问8000端口 
删除容器
docker stop bb
docker rm bb
docker rmi bulletinboard:1.0
docker rm --force bb
docker rmi bulletinboard:1.01.3 上传镜像仓库
登录docker hub 创建一个仓库 命名为 bulletinboard.
[root@myserver bulletin-board-app]# docker tag bulletinboard:1.0 devopsvip/bulletinboard:1.0
[root@myserver bulletin-board-app]# docker push devopsvip/bulletinboard:1.0
The push refers to repository [docker.io/devopsvip/bulletinboard]
ec3c84f0ff74: Pushed
8783c0df2a9c: Pushed
d3e283a0a9a4: Pushed
0e25f1fd8714: Mounted from library/node
203a5e3508e7: Mounted from library/node
c7e05f78fd37: Mounted from library/node
90a1d8ebd7b4: Mounted from library/node
333e2cb4c707: Mounted from library/node
1.0: digest: sha256:420b025a1db705a1709783d028cd5a71825c47c969b5dab8c284a8afd18f2833 size: 1992FAQ
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Get http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.40/images/json: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied
## 解决方法
[usera@myserver ~]$ ll /var/run/docker.sock
srw-rw---- 1 root docker 0 Jul 8 21:26 /var/run/docker.sock
[usera@myserver ~]$ exit
logout
[root@myserver ~]# usermod -g docker usera
[root@myserver ~]# id usera
uid=1013(usera) gid=965(docker) 组=965(docker)
[root@myserver ~]# su - usera
[usera@myserver ~]$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEdocker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/mywebserver" is already in use by container "768c4b899b6736dbef696908873a3db502c252f7d8a3c65d901af72e1bdc17dd". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
See 'docker run --help'.
解决方法
1. 更改名称 docker run --name mywebserver01 -it nginx
2. 删除容器
[root@myserver ~]# docker rm mywebserver
mywebserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
01bdedde3725 hello-world "/hello" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago hopeful_mendel
[root@myserver ~]# dcoker rm 01bdedde3725
bash: dcoker: 未找到命令...
相似命令是： 'docker'
[root@myserver ~]# docker rm 01bdedde3725
01bdedde3725
[root@myserver ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@myserver ~]#Error response from daemon: Container 8d485b358cc693c1e2b2d9b5c1d1a8092265d79bdcf1ee54d3d2f615f4f22064 is not running
解决方法： 容器未运行需要重新启动如何能够外部访问nginx?-p 端口绑定 宿主机端口:容器服务端口
[root@myserver ~]# docker stop webserver
webserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker rm webserver
webserver
[root@myserver ~]# docker run --name webserver -p 8000:80 -itd nginx
4fe81888bdd163ae149fa4c60ddb41c4727d6120ee7203fa2933601df9ab1733
[root@myserver ~]# docker port webserver
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8000
[root@myserver ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:8000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>如何注册docker hub账号, devopsvip / passxxxxxx
这里选择免费版本 
邮件激活
无法上传docker镜像
denied: requested access to the resource is denied
## 解决方法
docker login无法下载镜像
Error response from daemon: pull access denied for devopsvip/docker, repository does not exist or may require 'docker login'
## 解决方法
docker login如何将本机的镜像复制到远程的机器?
本机：192.168.1.199
[root@myserver docker]# docker save -o webserver-v2.tar webserver:v2
[root@myserver docker]# ls
bin docker-entrypoint.d etc lib64 opt run sys usr
boot docker-entrypoint.sh home media proc sbin test.tar var
dev Dockerfile lib mnt root srv tmp webserver-v2.tar
[root@myserver docker]# scp webserver-v2.tar root@192.168.1.200:/tmp/远程机器：192.168.1.200
[root@zeyang-nuc-service tmp]# docker load -i webserver-v2.tar
eef9ee7ccbdf: Loading layer 134.6MB/134.6MB
Loaded image: webserver:v2
[root@zeyang-nuc-service tmp]# docker images | grep webserver
webserver v2 5aa7a154ce2f 18 hours ago 130MB分类
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已于2022-6-22 17:21:23修改
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