Freight classification can be a confusing topic, but it’s important for shippers to understand how it works. In this blog, we’ll break down freight classification in simple terms and explain how you can correctly class your freight to ensure a smooth and successful shipping experience with less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers.
What is freight classification and why does it matter?
Freight classification is a system used to categorize goods based on their density, stowability, liability, and handling characteristics. The information described is used to assign classes to the provisions found in the NMFC.
The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) is responsible for developing and maintaining the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system. The NMFC system assigns each commodity a freight class number from 50 to 500, with 50 being the densest commodity/freight and 500 being the least dense commodity/freight.
There are a few factors that determine a commodity’s freight class:
- Density: This is the weight of the commodity divided by its volume. A higher density means a lower freight class.
- Stowability: This is the ease with which the commodity can be loaded and unloaded from a truck. A commodity that is difficult to stow will have a higher freight class.
- Liability: This is the risk of damage or loss to the commodity during shipping. A commodity that is more likely to be damaged will have a higher freight class.
- Handling: This is the care and attention that the commodity requires during shipping. A commodity that requires special handling will have a higher freight class.
For example, Class 50 includes items that are dense, easy to stow, handle, and transport, such as bricks, cement, or billets. Class 500 includes items that are light, bulky, fragile, or hazardous, such as ping pong balls, feathers, or explosives.
Freight classification is important for both shippers and carriers. Shippers need to know the freight class of their goods in order to get an accurate shipping quote. Carriers need to know the freight class of the goods they are shipping to ensure they are charging the correct amount and to also confirm their costing/ pricing projections.
If a commodity is misclassified, it can result in higher shipping costs, delays with shipping and potentially mishandled or damaged commodities. It is important to correctly classify goods before shipping them.
There are a few ways to determine the freight class of a commodity. The easiest way is to use the NMFTA’s ClassIT system. ClassIT is an online tool that allows you to enter the dimensions and weight of a commodity and it will calculate the freight class.
You can also contact your carrier or freight broker to help you determine the freight class of your goods.
Once you know the freight class of your goods, you can use it to get an accurate shipping quote. You can also use the freight class to ensure that your goods are properly loaded and handled during shipping.
By understanding freight classification, you can save money on shipping and ensure that your goods arrive safely at their destination.
Here are some additional tips for freight classification:
- Be sure to measure the dimensions and weight of your goods accurately.
- Hazardous materials can be classed using the NMFC.
- If you are unsure of the freight class of a particular commodity, you can contact the NMFTA for assistance.
Don’t get burned by misclassed freight. By following these tips, you can ensure that your goods are properly classified and that you are getting the best possible shipping rates and overall business outcomes.
Looking for more information on classification?
Visit nmfta.org/nmfc to discover resources such as monthly webinar training, research projects, classification assistance and interpretations and information on the Freight Classification Development Council (FCDC).
Need further assistance?
The NMFTA has a dedicated team of Classification experts on hand to help you determine the correct freight class for your shipment. To contact the NMFTA Classifications Team, please submit an inquiry via store.nmfta.org. Please note that requests are limited to one article per inquiry.
