The governance of information and communication technologies (ICTs).
The intersection of human rights and Internet regulation.
Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
Education
PhD Candidate in Political Science, University of Toronto.
MA in Political Science and Asia Pacific Studies, University of Toronto.
BA in Political Science, the University of British Columbia.
Fields
Comparative politics.
Public policy.
Teaching Experience
Course Instructor
2025
POL388 – “Politics and Government of Southeast Asia,” Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Winter 2025.
CAS490 – “Digital Futures of Asia,” The Asian Institute, Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Winter 2025.
2024
POL106 – “Contemporary Challenges to Democracy: Democracy in the Social Media Age,” Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Fall 2024.
MUN198 – “Digital Technologies and Human Rights: Governing the Internet,” Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Fall 2024.
2023
MUN198 – “Digital Technologies and Human Rights: Governing the Internet,” Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Fall 2023.
CAS390 – “Asia’s Digital Futures,” Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Winter 2023.
2022
POL438 – “Democracy in the Age of Digital Authoritarianism,” Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Summer 2022.
Head Teaching Assistant
POL106 2024 – “Contemporary Challenges to Democracy: Democracy in the Social Media Age” (with Professor Ron Deibert), Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Winter 2024.
POL106 2022 – “Contemporary Challenges to Democracy: Democracy in the Social Media Age” (with Professor Ron Deibert), Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Fall 2022.
POL106 2022 – “Contemporary Challenges to Democracy: Democracy in the Social Media Age” (with Professor Ron Deibert), Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Winter 2022.
POL106 2021 – “Contemporary Challenges to Democracy: Democracy in the Social Media Age” (with Professor Ron Deibert), Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Winter 2021.
“COVID-19 and the decline in global freedom” – “The Big Question: How Can Global Leaders and Civil Society Stem Authoritarian Measures Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic?,” National Endowment for Democracy (NED), May 2022.
University of Toronto’s Contemporary Asian Studies Student Union Academic Seminar Presentation: “Challenges in Asia’s Media Ecosystem,” University of Toronto, Canada.
“Southeast Asian Students & Clubs: Welcome and Connect,” Student Life – Southeast Asian Student Engagement, University of Toronto, Canada.
Guest Lecture: POL328G Topics in Comparative Politics: Death of Democracy? “Landscapes and Ecosystems: Changes in Media,” The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada.
“What the World Can Learn from Indonesia’s Democracy,” Persatuan Mahasiswa/i Kanada Indonesia di Toronto (PERMIKATO) and the Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Canada.
“Panel: How to Apply to Grad Schools in International Security,” Women in International Security-Canada (WIIS-C), Canada.
“Varieties of Internet Filtering in Southeast Asia,” Decrypting Digital Authoritarianism Conference, European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
“Information Session: Managing TAs in Undergraduate Courses,” Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
“TA Training Session: Running tutorials and other teaching-related duties,” Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
“Internet Governance in the Southeast Asian Region” (in Bahasa Indonesia), Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 (Untag) Surabaya and ICT Watch, Indonesia.
“Research and Reporting on Internet Censorship,” Open
Observatory of Network Interference (OONI) 2024 Partner Gathering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
“Public Discussion: Women and Digital Technology” (in Bahasa
Indonesia), ICT Watch Indonesia and the Citizen Lab, Jakarta, Indonesia.
“Victoria College Women’s Association (VWA) Annual Luncheon Keynote Lecture: The Citizen Lab: What Happens When Videos of Cute Cats Meet ‘Big Brother’?” University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Embracing Minds, Empowering Lives: Safeguarding Mental Wellness amid ‘Hustle Culture’,” University of Toronto Asian Student Alliance, Toronto, Canada.
“The Future of Democracy in Asia: Taiwan’s 2024 Elections and Their Implications Across Asia,” Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Safeguarding Democracy: Multifaceted Responses to Election Disinformation – Panel 4: Law, Regulations, and Governance Against Disinformation and on Content Moderation in Indonesia,” 2024 Konferensi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (KISIP) III, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Jakarta, Indonesia.
2023
“Digital Authoritarian Practices and Their Human Rights Impact,” 2023 Symposium on Democracy in the Times of Digital Transformations, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi).
“Southeast Asian Students & Clubs Welcome Event Panel,” Division of Student Life, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Global Network for Social Justice and Digital Resilience: Launch Event Panel,” UN Internet Governance Forum, Kyoto, Japan.
SRT551 – “Privacy and Confidentiality” with Course Instructor Hendra Hendrawan: “Citizen Lab: Research on the Intersection of Digital Security and Human Rights” (guest lecturer), Seneca College, Toronto, Canada.
Teaching Assistant (TA) Training Workshop on Grading Assignments, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Identifying un-civil society and online influencers in attacks on 2SLGBTIQ+ communities and potential solutions” (presenter), RightsCon Conference, San José, Costa Rica.
“Sovereignty in the Age of Data” Symposium: “Who is secure?” University of British Columbia – Okanagan Campus, Canada.
“The Weaponization of Disinformation in Canada” (discussant), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
“Teaching in Arts & Sciences: Designing Quercus for Learning and Engagement,” Faculty of Arts & Sciences Teaching & Learning Community of Practice Workshop Series, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Information Controls and the State: Internet censorship and shutdowns in times of conflict,” ETH Zurich and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
2022
“Black, LatinX, Southeast Asian & First Generation Undergrad Students Engaging in Research,” Division of Student Life, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Teaching, Managing, and Assessing Large Courses,” Faculty of Arts & Sciences Teaching & Learning Community of Practice Workshop Series, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Indonesian-Canadian Migration Policy Dialogue: Challenges and Possibilities” (moderator), the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia in Toronto, Canada and the Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Bijak dalam Bermedia Sosial” (“Using Social Media Wisely”) (in Bahasa Indonesia), the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia, Toronto, Canada.
Panel on PhD Major Field Exam in Public Policy, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Ready, Engaged and Informed: Canada and the role of intelligence in addressing emerging threats and challenges: Panel on “Symbolic, Efficient Intelligent and Effective? The Challenges of Integrating a Gendered Approach in Intelligence”, Bishop’s University and Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
First Year Research Workshop, University of Toronto Students’ Union (UTSU) First Year Council, Toronto, Canada.
International Studies Association (ISA): Panel on “Measurement of Internet Activity and Control,” ISA Virtual Presentation.
“Integrating a Gender Perspective in Intelligence Services,” OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF), and UN Women.
2022 Master of Global Affairs (MGA) Career Week: Global Development Panel, Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
2021
2021 OutSummit: Panel on “No Access: LGBTIQ Website Censorship in Six Countries” report (moderator), OutRight Action International.
2021 Tech for Democracy: Panel on “Making digital tech work to democratize local communities and support environmental justice,” Globalt Fokus and Association for Progressive Communications (APC).
Indonesia Social Science Seminar Series (IS4): “Social media, politics, and schismatic algorithms in Indonesia” (discussant), the Sydney Southeast Asia Centre (SSEAC), the Cornell Southeast Asia Program (SEAP) and the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV).
Asia Pacific 2021: Trends & Crises Transforming Regional Security: Panel on “Trends in Intra-State & Transnational Security,” Defense & Security Foresight (DSF) Group, Canada.
“Digital Repression: Confronting the evolving challenge,” the International Forum for Democratic Studies and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
2021 Global Security Forum: Panel on “Terrorism Threats and Responses Online: The Role of ICTs,” The Soufan Center.
2021 American Political Science Association Conference (APSA): Panel on “New Directions in the Study of Conflict and Pluralism in Southeast Asia,” APSA Virtual Presentation.
2021 European Cybersecurity Seminar Series: “The Geopolitics of Data Routing” (discussant), European Cyber Conflict Research Initiative (ECCRI).
Panel on the release of “No Access: LGBTIQ Website Censorship in Six Countries” report, OutRight Action International.
IS444 – “Inside Diplomacy: A Practitioner’s Perspective” (guest lecturer) with former Ambassador Paul Meyer, Week 12: Diplomacy of Cyber Security, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada.
“Bincang Santuy UU ITE” (“Discussion on Revising Indonesia’s IET Law”) (in Bahasa Indonesia), Heylaw Indonesia.
Panel on “Beyond COVID-19: Non-Traditional Security in Asia,” Defence and Security Foresight (DSF) Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
“Global Ideas Institute’s Mentors Training on Conducting Interviews,” Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
2020
“Debate: 5G will harm the planet – True or False?” (subject matter expert), Youth Internet Governance Forum.
“Human rights and COVID-19 contact-tracing apps,” McGill International Law Society (MILS), McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
2020 Re:Locations Symposium: Resilience & Disaster: The Global South during COVID-19 – Presented a draft paper titled “Securitization of COVID-19 in the Philippines,” University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Pandemic of Surveillance: Digital Contact Tracing in Southeast Asia,” Digital Reach Asia.
2020 Conference on Cyber Norms: Panel session “Toward inclusion: the global governance of cyber norms,” The Hague Program for Cyber Norms.
“Citizenship in the Age of Digital Surveillance,” Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
“Multi-Sector Cooperation & Protection of Human Rights while Countering Terrorism,” Co-hosted by the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism (GIFCT) and the UN Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED).
“Membicarakan Satu Tahun Internet Shutdown di Indonesia” (“One Year after Internet Shutdown in Indonesia”) (in Bahasa Indonesia), Youth Internet Governance Forum (IGF) Indonesia.
“Cyber Threat Data Coalition Event” (moderator), ETH Zurich and Forum of Incident Response Security Teams (FIRST).
“Exploring the New Digital Threats for Civil Society in Southeast Asia” (co-organiser and panellist), Tifa Foundation and the Citizen Lab.
“Privacy and Digital Security in Indonesia,” The Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy (ELSAM).
“Belanja Online: Nasib Data Pribadi Kita di Mata Hukum” (Our Personal Data in the Eyes of the Law) (in Bahasa Indonesia), Djokosoetono Research Center at the University of Indonesia Faculty of Law.
Instagram Live Chat with Citizen Lab Director Ron Deibert: “Personal data protection & COVID-19.”
“Pelindungan Data Pribadi dalam Aplikasi “PeduliLindungi”” (“Personal Data Protection in Indonesia’s “Peduli Lindungi” COVID-19 app”) (in Bahasa Indonesia), The Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy (ELSAM).
“Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Digital Rights,” Organization of American States.
2020 Munk School Graduate Student Conference: Technology in the Global Sphere: Opportunities and Challenges: Panel on Global Security and Technology, University of Toronto Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy’s Graduate Student Conference, Toronto, Canada.
2020 Global Careers Through Asia Conference: Keynote Panel with Senator Thanh Hai Ngo and Professor Rachel Silvey, Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
2019
2019 Canadian Cybersecurity Dialogue: Panel 4: “It’s A Small World After All: Canada’s Cyber Foreign Policy,” Ottawa, Canada.
UN Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) on developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security – Panel on “Cybersecurity: Why gender matters?” (moderator), Co-hosted by the Permanent Mission of Canada to the UN and the Organisation of American States, New York, USA.
COMN3550 – “Digital Media and Culture” with Doctoral Candidate Lianrui Jia: “The Battle over the Future of Internet Governance” (guest lecturer), York University, Toronto, Canada.
“Southeast Asia’s information environment,” Naval War College, Newport, USA.
2019 Canadian Council for Southeast Asian Studies (CCSEAS) Conference – Session titled “Taking Stock to Move Forward: Making Space for Southeast Asia in the Study of World Politics” – Presented a draft paper on cyber norms development in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Montreal, Canada.
2019 Canadian Council for Southeast Asian Studies (CCSEAS) Conference – Session titled “Contested Spheres of Social Mobilisation and the Regulatory State in Southeast Asia” – Presented a draft paper on ICTs and LGBTIQ advocacy in Southeast Asia, Montreal, Canada.
Conference on the Human Rights Situation in Vietnam – Hosted by The Hon. Senator Thanh Hai Ngo (Senate Canada), Ottawa, Canada.
2019 Association for Asian Studies Conference: Roundtable on “Chinese Internet beyond China: Perspectives from Southeast Asia and Beyond” (chair), Denver, Colorado, USA.
Panel on “Populism and Authoritarianism in Southeast Asia,” the Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Panel on “Technological Experiments in the Digital Age,” University of Toronto Faculty of Law and Human Rights Watch Canada, Toronto, Canada.
Indonesian Students Association (PERMIKA) Toronto workshop on “Leaders in Training: Lead, Motivate, and Inspire,” Toronto, Canada.
2018
New York University’s (NYU) Center for Global Affairs and UN Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED) workshop on Technology & Counter-terrorism, NYU School of Professional Studies, New York, USA.
“Internet infrastructure and governance in Indonesia,” Naval War College, Newport, USA.
“Internet infrastructure and governance in Indonesia,” Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, Helsinki, Finland.
UN Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED) and UN Women Research Symposium on gender, terrorism, and countering violent extremism, UN Headquarters, New York, USA.
2018 World Movement for Democracy Conference: Panel on “Targeted Espionage and Digital Disinformation Against Civil Society” (panel organiser), Dakar, Senegal.
UN Women and Hedayah workshop on gender and countering violent extremism, Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates.
UN Women and UN Counter Terrorism Executive Directorate (CTED) panel on “Information Technology, Gender and Terrorism,” Permanent Mission of Canada to the UN, New York, USA.
“Internet infrastructure and governance in the Philippines,” Naval War College, Newport, USA.
2017 6 Degrees Conference: Panel on “Digital Citizenship 101: Walled Gardens and Virtual Bridges”, Toronto, Canada.
2016 Global Internet Governance Academic Network (GIGANET) Workshop: Paper presentation “Internet Governance at a Time of Crises: The case of Thailand,” Guadalajara, Mexico.
2016 UN Internet Governance Forum: Panel on “NetGov, please meet Cybernorms. Opening the debate,” Guadalajara, Mexico.
2016 RightsCon Conference: Panel on ““What Do Privacy and Transparency Mean to You?” Perspectives from the Global North and South” (co-moderator), San Francisco, USA.
2015
Canada-Japan Symposium, Global Affairs Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
2015 Internet Governance Forum: Panel on “Trends in Information Controls in Latin America” (moderator), João Pessoa, Brazil.
Mentor, 2023-24 Lester B. Pearson International Scholarship Mentorship Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Regional Project Manager (Southeast Asia), 2022 Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Digital Society Project.
Member, Digital Democracy Network, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Mentor, 2020-21 Asian Institute Mentorship Program, Asian Institute at the University of Toronto’s Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, Toronto, Canada.
Member, 2020-21 Forum of Incident Response Security Teams (FIRST) Threat Intelligence SIG Steering Committee.
Senior Research Officer, The Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, February 2016 to Present.
Research and Communications Officer, The Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, June 2011 to February 2016.
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, January to June 2011
Communications Coordinator, Make-A-Wish Foundation of Canada, May 2011 to August 2012.
Web Manager, Free The Children, November 2010 to May 2011.
Assistant to Communications Officer, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, September 2009 to April 2010.
Senior Research Assistant, Human Security Report Project, Simon Fraser University, January 2008 to April 2010.
Administrative Assistant, CIBC, June 2007 to December 2007.
Intern, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Regional Office for Southeast Asia, United Nations, January 2007 to June 2007.
Project Assistant, Centre for Southeast Asia Research, Institute of Asian Research, The University of British Columbia, September 2005 to December 2006.
Bookkeeper and Office Manager, Cactus Club Cafe, January 2005 to December 2006.
Accreditation
Certificate in Teaching Fundamentals, University of Toronto’s Teaching Assistants’ Training Program (TATP).
Certificate in Leadership in Administration, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto.
Certificate in Marketing Communications, University of Toronto School of Continuing Studies.