Kronologija razvoja mikroprocesora
Izgled
Sedamdesetih godina mikroprocesori su većinom 8 bitni izrađeni pomoću NMOS tehnologije.
Datum | Naziv | Proizvođač | Frekvencija | Riječ (bita) |
Proizvodni proces | Tranzistora |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1971. | PPS-25 | Fairchild | 400 kHz | 4 | Multi-chip, pMOS | |
1971. | 4004 | Intel | 740 kHz | 4 | 10 µm | 2.250 pMOS |
1972. | 8008 | Intel | 500 kHz | 8 | 10 μm | 3.500 pMOS |
1972. | PPS-4 | Rockwell | 200 kHz | 4 | pMOS | |
1973. | μCOM 4 | NEC | 1 MHz | 4 | 2.500 NMOS | |
1973. | IMP-16 | National | 715 kHz | 16 | Multi-chip, pMOS | |
1973. | Mini-D | Burroughs | 1 MHz | 8 | pMOS | |
1974. | IMP-8 | National | 715 kHz | 8 | Multi-chip, pMOS | |
1974. | 8080 | Intel | 2 MHz | 8 | 6 μm | 6.000 NMOS |
1974. | 5065. | Mostek | 1,4 MHz | 8 | pMOS | |
1974. | TLCS-12 | Toshiba | 1 MHz | 12 | NMOS | |
1974. | CP1600 | General Instrument | 3,3 MHz | 16 | NMOS | |
1974. | IMP-4 | National | 500 kHz | 4 | Multi-chip, pMOS | |
1974. | 4040 | Intel | 740 kHz | 4 | 10 μm | 3.000 pMOS |
1974. | 6800 | Motorola | 1 MHz | 8 | - | 4.100 NMOS |
1974. | TMS 1000 | Texas Instruments | 400 kHz | 4 | 8 μm | 8.000 |
1974. | PACE | National | 16 | pMOS | ||
1975. | 6100 | Intersil | 4 MHz | 12 | - | 20.000 |
1975. | 2650 | Signetics | 1,2 MHz | 8 | NMOS | |
1975. | PPS-8 | Rockwell | 256 kHz | 8 | pMOS | |
1975. | F-8 | Fairchild | 2 MHz | 8 | NMOS | |
1975. | CMP-8 | National | 8 | NMOS | ||
1975. | CDP 1801 | RCA | 2 MHz | 8 | 5 μm | 5.000 CMOS two-chip |
1975. | 6502 | MOS Technology | 1 MHz | 8 | - | 4,000 |
1975. | BPC | Hewlett Packard | 10 MHz | 16 | - | 6.000 + ROM |
1976. | CDP 1802 | RCA | 6,4 MHz | 8 | CMOS | |
1976. | Z80 | Zilog | 2 MHz | 8 | 4 μm | 8.500 |
1976. | 8085 | Intel | 5 MHz | 8 | 3 μm | 6.500 |
1976. | TMS9900 | Texas Instruments | 3,3 MHz | 16 | - | 8.000 |
1976. | 8x300 | Signetics | 8 MHz | 8 | Bipolar | |
1978. | 8086 | Intel | 5 MHz | 16 | 3 μm | 29.000 |
1978. | 6801 | Motorola | - | 8 | 5 μm | 35.000 |
1979. | Z8000 | Zilog | - | 16 | - | 17.500 |
1979. | 8088 | Intel | 5 MHz | 8/16 | 3 μm | 29.000 |
1979. | 6809 | Motorola | 1 MHz | 8 | 5 μm | 40.000 |
1979. | 68000 | Motorola | 8 MHz | 16/32 | 4 μm | 68.000 |
Osamdesetih mickroprocesori su 16-bitni i 32-bitni, najčešće izvedeni u CMOS tehnologiji.
Datum | Naziv | Proizvođač | Frekvencija | Proizvodni proces | Tranzistora |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980. | 16032 | National | - | - | 60.000 |
1981. | 6120 | Harris Corporation | 10 MHz | - | 20.000 |
1981. | ROMP | IBM | 10 MHz | 2 µm | 45.000 |
1981. | T-11 | DEC | 2,5 MHz | 5 µm | 17.000 NMOS |
1982. | RISC-I | UC Berkeley | 1 MHz | 5 µm | 44.420 NMOS |
1982. | FOCUS | Hewlett Packard | 18 MHz | 1,5 µm | 450.000 |
1982. | 80186 | Intel | 6 MHz | - | 55.000 |
? | 80C186 | Intel | 6 MHz | - | ? CMOS |
1982. | 80188 | Intel | 8 MHz | - | 29.000 |
1982. | 80286 | Intel | 6 MHz | 1,5 µm | 134.000 |
1983. | RISC-II | UC Berkeley | 3 MHz | 3 µm | 40.760 NMOS |
1983. | MIPS | Stanford University | 2 MHz | 3 µm | 25.000 |
1984. | 68020 | Motorola | 16 MHz | 2 µm | 190.000 |
1984. | 32032 | National | - | - | 70.000 |
1984. | V20 | NEC | 5 MHz | - | 63.000 |
1985. | 80386 | Intel | 16 MHz | 1,5 µm | 275.000 |
1985. | MicroVax II 78032 | DEC | 5 MHz | 3 µm | 125.000 |
1985. | R2000 | MIPS | 8 MHz | 2 µm | 115.000 |
1988. | R3000 | MIPS | 12 MHz | 1,2 µm | 120.000 |
1986. | Z80000 | Zilog | - | - | 91.000 |
1986. | SPARC | Sun | 40 MHz | 0,8 µm | 800.000 |
1986. | V60 | NEC | 16 MHz | 1,5 µm | 375.000 |
1987. | CVAX 78034 | DEC | 12,5 MHz | 2 µm | 134.000 |
1987. | ARM2 | ARM Limited | 18 MHz | 2 µm | 25.000 |
1987. | Gmicro/200 | Hitachi | - | 1 µm | 730.000 |
1987. | 68030 | Motorola | 16 MHz | 1,3 µm | 273.000 |
1987. | V70 | NEC | 20 MHz | 1,5 µm | 385.000 |
1988. | i960 | Intel | 10 MHz | 1,5 µm | 250.000 |
1989. | VAX DC520 "Rigel" | DEC | 35 MHz | 1,5 µm | 320.000 |
1989. | Intel 80486 | Intel | 25 MHz | 1 µm | 1.180.000 |
1989. | Intel i860 | Intel | 25 MHz | 1 µm | 1.000.000 |
Devedesetih mikroprocesori su većinom 32-bitni.
Datum | Naziv | Proizvođač | Frekvencija | Proizvodni proces | Tranzistora (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990. | 68040 | Motorola | 40 MHz | - | 1,2 |
1990. | POWER1 | IBM | 20-30 MHz | 1 µm | 6,9 |
1991. | R4000 | MIPS Computer Systems | 100 MHz | 0,8 µm | 1,35 |
1991. | NVAX | DEC | 62,5-90,91 MHz | 0,75 µm | 1,3 |
1991. | RSC | IBM | 33 MHz | 0,8 µm | 1,0 |
1992. | Alpha 21064 | DEC | 100-200 MHz | 0,75 µm | 1,68 |
1992. | microSPARC I | Sun | 40-50 MHz | 0,8 µm | 0,8 |
1992. | PA-7100 | Hewlett Packard | 100 MHz | 0,8 µm | 0,85 |
1993. | PowerPC 601 | IBM, Motorola | 50-80 MHz | 0,6 µm | 2,8 |
1993. | Pentium | Intel | 60-66 MHz | 0,8 µm | 3,1 |
1993. | POWER2 | IBM | 55-71,5 MHz | 0,72 µm | 23 |
1994. | 68060 | Motorola | 50 MHz | 0,6 µm | 2,5 |
1994. | Alpha 21064A | DEC | 200-300 MHz | 0,5 µm | 2,85 |
1994. | R4600 | QED | 100 - 125 MHz | 0,65 µm | 2,2 |
1994. | PA-7200 | Hewlett Packard | 125 MHz | 0,55 µm | 1,26 |
1994. | PowerPC 603 | IBM, Motorola | 60-120 MHz | 0,5 µm | 1,6 |
1994. | PowerPC 604 | IBM, Motorola | 100-180 MHz | 0,5 µm | 3,6 |
1994. | PA-7100LC | Hewlett Packard | 100 MHz | 0,75 µm | 0,90 |
1995. | Alpha 21164 | DEC | 266-333 MHz | 0,5 µm | 9,3 |
1995. | UltraSPARC | Sun | 143–167 MHz | 0,47 µm | 5,2 |
1995. | SPARC64 | HAL Computer Systems | 101–118 MHz | 0,4 µm | - |
1995. | Pentium Pro | Intel | 150-200 MHz | 0,35 µm | 5,5 |
1996. | Alpha 21164A | DEC | 400-500 MHz | 0,35 µm | 9,7 |
1996. | K5 | AMD | 75-100 MHz | 0,5 µm | 4,3 |
1996. | R10000 | MTI | 150-250 MHz | 0,35 µm | 6,7 |
1996. | R5000 | QED | 180 - 250 MHz | 0,35 µm | 3,7 |
1996. | SPARC64 II | HAL Computer Systems | 141–161 MHz | 0,35 µm | - |
1996. | PA-8000 | Hewlett-Packard | 160-180 MHz | 0,5 µm | 3,8 |
1996. | P2SC | IBM | 150 MHz | 0,29 µm | 15 |
1997. | Pentium II | Intel | 233-300 MHz | 0,35 µm | 7,5 |
1997. | PowerPC 620 | IBM, Motorola | 120-150 MHz | 0,35 µm | 6,9 |
1997. | UltraSPARC IIs | Sun | 250-400 MHz | 0,35 µm | 5,4 |
1997. | S/390 G4 | IBM | 370 MHz | 0,5 µm | 7,8 |
1997. | PowerPC 750 | IBM, Motorola | 233-366 MHz | 0,26 µm | 6,35 |
1997. | K6 | AMD | 166-233 MHz | 0,35 µm | 8,8 |
1998. | Alpha 21264 | DEC | 450-600 MHz | 0,35 µm | 15,2 |
1998. | MIPS R12000 | SGI | 270-400 MHz | 0,25 µm, 0,18 µm | 6,9 |
1998. | RM7000 | QED | 250 - 300 MHz | 0,25 µm | 18 |
1998. | SPARC64 III | HAL Computer Systems | 250-330 MHz | 0,24 µm | 17,6 |
1998. | S/390 G5 | IBM | 500 MHz | 0,25 µm | 25 |
1998. | PA-8500 | Hewlett Packard | 300-440 MHz | 0,25 µm | 140 |
1998. | POWER3 | IBM | 200 MHz | 0,25 µm | 15 |
1999. | Pentium III | Intel | 450-600 MHz | 0,25 µm | 9,5 |
1999. | PowerPC 7400 | Motorola | 350-500 MHz | 0,2 µm | 10,5 |
1999. | Athlon | AMD | 500-1000 MHz | 0,25 µm | 22 |
Datum | Naziv | Proizvođač | Frekvencija | Proizvodni proces | Tranzistora (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000. | Athlon XP | AMD | 1,33-1,73 GHz | 180 nm | 37,5 |
2000. | Duron | AMD | 550 MHz-1,3 GHz | 180 nm | 25 |
2000. | Pentium 4 | Intel | 1,3-2 GHz | 180 nm | 42 |
2000. | SPARC64 IV | Fujitsu | 450–810 MHz | 130 nm | - |
2000. | IBM System z | IBM | 918 MHz | 180 nm | 47 |
2001. | MIPS R14000 | SGI | 500-600 MHz | 130 nm | 7,2 |
2001. | POWER4 | IBM | 1,1-1,4 GHz | 90 nm | 174 |
2001. | UltraSPARC III | Sun | 750-1200 MHz | 130 nm | 29 |
2001. | Itanium | Intel | 733-800 MHz | 180 nm | 25 |
2001. | PowerPC 7450 | Motorola | 733-800 MHz | 180 nm | 33 |
2002. | SPARC64 V | Fujitsu | 1,1-1,35 GHz | 130 nm | 190 |
2002. | Itanium 2 | Intel | 0,9-1 GHz | 180 nm | 410 |
2003. | PowerPC 970 | IBM | 1,6-2,0 GHz | 130 nm | 52 |
2003. | Pentium M | Intel | 0,9-1,7 GHz | 130 nm | 77 |
2003. | Opteron | AMD | 1,4-2,4 GHz | 130 nm | 106 |
2004. | POWER5 | IBM | 1,65-1,9 GHz | 130 nm | 276 |
2005. | Opteron "Athens" | AMD | 1,6-3,0 GHz | 90 nm | 114 |
2005. | Athlon 64 X2 | AMD | 2-2,4 GHz | 90 nm | 243 |
2005. | UltraSPARC IV | Sun | 1,05-1,35 GHz | 130 nm | 66 |
2005. | UltraSPARC T1 | Sun | 1-1,4 GHz | 90 nm | 300 |
2006. | Core Duo | Intel | 1,1-2,33 GHz | 65 nm | 151 |
2006. | Core 2 | Intel | 1,06-2,67 GHz | 65 nm | 291 |
2006. | Cell/B.E. | IBM, Sony, Toshiba | 3,2-4,6 GHz | 90 nm | 241 |
2006. | Itanium "Montecito" | Intel | 1,4-1,6 GHz | 90 nm | 1720 |
2007. | POWER6 | IBM | 3,5-4,7 GHz | 65 nm | 790 |
2007. | SPARC64 VI | Fujitsu | 2,15-2,4 GHz | 90 nm | 543 |
2007. | UltraSPARC T2 | Sun | 1-1,4 GHz | 65 nm | 503 |
2007. | Opteron "Barcelona" | AMD | 1,8-3,2 GHz | 65 nm | 463 |
2008. | Phenom | AMD | 1,8-2,6 GHz | 65 nm | 450 |
2008. | z10 | IBM | 4,4 GHz | 65 nm | 993 |
2008. | PowerXCell 8i | IBM | 2,8-4,0 GHz | 65 nm | 250 |
2008. | SPARC64 VII | Fujitsu | 2,4-2,88 GHz | 65 nm | 600 |
2008. | Atom | Intel | 0,8-1,6 GHz | 45 nm | 47 |
2008. | Core i7 | Intel | 2,66-3,2 GHz | 45 nm | 730 |
2008. | Opteron "Shanghai" | AMD | 2,3-2,9 GHz | 45 nm | 751 |
2009. | Phenom II | AMD | 2,5-3,2 GHz | 45 nm | 758 |
2009. | Opteron "Istanbul" | AMD | 2,2-2,8 GHz | 45 nm | 904 |
Datum | Naziv | Proizvođač | Frekvencija | Proizvodni proces | Tranzistora (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010. | POWER7 | IBM | 3-4,14 GHz | 45 nm | 1200 |
2010. | Itanium "Tukwila" | Intel | 2 GHz | 65 nm | 2000 |
2010. | Opteron "Magny-cours" | AMD | 1,7-2,4 GHz | 45 nm | 1810 |
2010. | Xeon "Nehalem-EX" | Intel | 1,73-2,66 GHz | 45 nm | 2300 |
2010. | IBM z196 | IBM | 5,2 GHz | 45 nm | 1400 |