Although nowadays the most common and well-known application of optical fiber is the transmission of very high-speed telecom data, it is not yet fully exploited its alternative use in the field of sensors. A particular area of interest is represented by the electrical industry, where accurate analyses and measurements are required to evaluate performance and safety of power systems. To achieve this aim, it is often necessary to perform measures in very high current conditions and/or in presence of strong electromagnetic interference. Current sensors based on optical fiber technology exploit the Faraday effect. Being made of non-conductive material and practically immune to electromagnetic interference, the optical fiber is a valid alternative to traditional current sensors, which even today, after decades of development, are not very reliable. The most common ways to implement a Fiber Optic Current Sensor (FOCS) are based on two techniques: polarimetric and interferometric. Two novel FOCSs solutions are proposed in this thesis, one based on the former approach and one on the latter. The polarimetric sensor is based on a new component able to solve the main issue of controlling the state of polarization (SOP) of the light. The interferometric sensor instead relies on a fiber optic Michelson interferometric architecture associated to a coherent detection scheme. It exploits an innovative configuration collapsing the two arms of the interferometer into only one fiber. Performance and applications of these two FOCS solutions are presented and discussed.
Sebbene l’applicazione più comune e nota della fibra ottica oggigiorno è la trasmissione di dati ad altissima velocità, ancora poco sfruttato è il suo impiego nell’ambito della sensoristica. Una particolare area di interesse è rappresentata dall'industria elettrica, dove sono richieste analisi e misurazioni accurate per valutare le prestazioni e la sicurezza dei sistemi di potenza. Per raggiungere questo scopo è spesso necessario eseguire misure in condizioni di corrente molto elevata e/o in presenza di forti interferenze elettromagnetiche. Essendo realizzata in materiale non conduttivo e praticamente immune alle interferenze elettromagnetiche, la fibra ottica è una valida alternativa ai tradizionali sensori di corrente, che ancora oggi, dopo decenni di sviluppo, risultano poco affidabili. I sensori di corrente in fibra ottica sfruttano l'effetto Faraday. I modi più comuni per implementare un sensore di corrente in fibra ottica si basano su due tecniche: polarimetrica e interferometrica. In questa tesi vengono proposte due nuove configurazioni di sensori di corrente in fibra ottica, una basata sul primo approccio e una sul secondo. La soluzione polarimetrico sfrutta un nuovo componente in grado di risolvere il problema principale del controllo dello stato di polarizzazione della luce. Il sensore interferometrico implementa invece un'architettura interferometrica di tipo Michelson in fibra ottica associata a uno schema di rilevamento coerente. Per sopprimere l'estrema sensibilità, tipica degli interferometri in fibra ottica, a tutte le fonti di rumore di tipo reciproco, il sensore adotta una configurazione innovativa che collassa i due bracci dell'interferometro in una singola fibra.
Fiber optic current sensors for system monitoring
Madaschi, Andrea
2022/2023
Abstract
Although nowadays the most common and well-known application of optical fiber is the transmission of very high-speed telecom data, it is not yet fully exploited its alternative use in the field of sensors. A particular area of interest is represented by the electrical industry, where accurate analyses and measurements are required to evaluate performance and safety of power systems. To achieve this aim, it is often necessary to perform measures in very high current conditions and/or in presence of strong electromagnetic interference. Current sensors based on optical fiber technology exploit the Faraday effect. Being made of non-conductive material and practically immune to electromagnetic interference, the optical fiber is a valid alternative to traditional current sensors, which even today, after decades of development, are not very reliable. The most common ways to implement a Fiber Optic Current Sensor (FOCS) are based on two techniques: polarimetric and interferometric. Two novel FOCSs solutions are proposed in this thesis, one based on the former approach and one on the latter. The polarimetric sensor is based on a new component able to solve the main issue of controlling the state of polarization (SOP) of the light. The interferometric sensor instead relies on a fiber optic Michelson interferometric architecture associated to a coherent detection scheme. It exploits an innovative configuration collapsing the two arms of the interferometer into only one fiber. Performance and applications of these two FOCS solutions are presented and discussed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/198435