Note: This project is no longer being maintained. Houston supports only the legacy binary APNs protocol, which as of March 31, 2021 is no longer supported. Please migrate to an alternative library, such as Apnotic to send push notifications using the new APNs2 protocol.

Push Notifications don't have to be difficult.

Houston is a simple gem for sending Apple Push Notifications. Pass your credentials, construct your message, and send it.

In a production application, you will probably want to schedule or queue notifications into a background job. Whether you're using queue_classic, resque, or rolling you own infrastructure, integrating Houston couldn't be simpler.

Houston is named for Houston, TX, the metonymical home of NASA's Johnson Space Center, as in Houston, We Have Liftoff!.

$ gem install houston

require 'houston'

# Environment variables are automatically read, or can be overridden by any specified options. You can also
# conveniently use `Houston::Client.development` or `Houston::Client.production`.
APN = Houston::Client.development
APN.certificate = File.read('/path/to/apple_push_notification.pem')

# An example of the token sent back when a device registers for notifications
token = '<ce8be627 2e43e855 16033e24 b4c28922 0eeda487 9c477160 b2545e95 b68b5969>'

# Create a notification that alerts a message to the user, plays a sound, and sets the badge on the app
notification = Houston::Notification.new(device: token)
notification.alert = 'Hello, World!'

# Notifications can also change the badge count, have a custom sound, have a category identifier, indicate available Newsstand content, or pass along arbitrary data.
notification.badge = 57
notification.sound = 'sosumi.aiff'
notification.category = 'INVITE_CATEGORY'
notification.content_available = true
notification.mutable_content = true
notification.custom_data = { foo: 'bar' }
notification.url_args = %w[boarding A998]
notification.thread_id = 'notify-team-ios'

# And... sent! That's all it takes.
APN.push(notification)

To generate a .pem file, it is recommended to use fastlane pem, which completely automates the process of creating the certificate.

Houston will attempt to load configuration data from environment variables, if they're present. The following variables will be used.

If an error occurs when sending a particular notification, its error attribute will be populated:

puts "Error: #{notification.error}." if notification.error

To send a silent push notification, set sound to an empty string (''):

Houston::Notification.new(sound: '', content_available: true)

To send a mutable push notification (supported by iOS 10+), set mutable_content to true:

Houston::Notification.new(mutable_content: true)

If you want to manage your own persistent connection to Apple push services, such as for background workers, here's how to do it:

certificate = File.read('/path/to/apple_push_notification.pem')
passphrase = '...'
connection = Houston::Connection.new(Houston::APPLE_DEVELOPMENT_GATEWAY_URI, certificate, passphrase)
connection.open

notification = Houston::Notification.new(device: token)
notification.alert = 'Hello, World!'
connection.write(notification.message)

connection.close

Apple provides a feedback service to query for unregistered device tokens, these are devices that have failed to receive a push notification and should be removed from your application. You should periodically query for and remove these devices, Apple audits providers to ensure they are removing unregistered devices. To obtain the list of unregistered device tokens:

Houston::Client.development.devices

In practice, you'll use a reference to instance of the APN object you create (see the Usage section). Here's a rake job that marks device tokens as invalid based on the feedback service from Apple. This example assumes devices are tracked in a model called Device (i.e. User.devices).

In lib/tasks/notifications.rake:

namespace :notifications do
  task device_token_feedback: [:environment] do
    APN.unregistered_devices.each do |device_hash|
      # Format: { token: token, timestamp: timestamp }
      device = Device.find_by(token: device_hash[:token])
      next unless device.present?
      # Remove device token
      device.update_attribute(:device_token, nil)
    end
  end
end

Houston 2.0 supports the new enhanced notification format. Support for the legacy notification format is available in 1.x releases.

Houston also comes with the apn binary, which provides a convenient way to test notifications from the command line.

$ apn push "<token>" -c /path/to/apple_push_notification.pem -m "Hello from the command line! "

// AppDelegate.m

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
  // ...

  [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert | UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound)];
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken
{
    NSLog(@"application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken: %@", deviceToken);

    // Register the device token with a webservice
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}

// AppDelegate.swift

func application(_ application: UIApplication, willFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey : Any]? = nil) -> Bool {
    application.registerForRemoteNotifications()
    return true
}

func application(_ application: UIApplication, didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken deviceToken: Data) {
    // Register the device token with a webservice
}

func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError error: Error) {
    print("error \(error)")
}

These instructions come from the APN on Rails project, which is another great option for sending push notifications.

Once you have the certificate from Apple for your application, export your key and the apple certificate as p12 files. Here is a quick walkthrough on how to do this:

1. Click the disclosure arrow next to your certificate in Keychain Access and select the certificate and the key.
2. Right click and choose Export 2 items….
3. Choose the p12 format from the drop down and name it cert.p12.

Now convert the p12 file to a pem file:

Unencrypted private key (do not store this certificate in version control)

$ openssl pkcs12 -in cert.p12 -out apple_push_notification.pem -nodes -clcerts

Encrypted private key

$ openssl pkcs12 -in cert.p12 -out apple_push_notification.pem -aes256 -clcerts

You'll have to specify the password in the APN_CERTIFICATE_PASSPHRASE environment variable if you use the encrypted option.

Houston is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.