bapak

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay bapa, bapak, from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) + apak, which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- +‎ apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈbapaʔ/ [ˈba.paʔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Syllabification: ba‧pak

Noun

bapak

1. father
2. mister, sir
3. (formal) you
4. uncle

Usage notes

Similar function in Malay found more in bapa.

Synonyms

• pak (“mister”, more likely)

Derived terms

• berbapak
• kebapakan

 

• bapak angkat
• bapak ayam
• bapak badari
• bapak bangsa
• bapak besar
• bapak bungsu
• bapak kecil
• bapak koperasi
• bapak muda
• bapak negara
• bapak pembangunan
• bapak pendiri
• bapak rumah tangga
• bapak ruting
• bapak suting
• bapak tiri
• bapak tua

 

Related terms

• bapa

 

Further reading

• “bapak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Javanese

Javanese writing system
Carakan	ꦧꦥꦏ꧀
Pegon
Roman	bapak

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bapak (krama ngoko bapak, krama inggil rama)

1. father

Descendants

• Caribbean Javanese: bapak

References

• "bapak" in W. J. S. Poerwadarminta, Bausastra Jawa. J. B. Wolters' Uitgevers-Maatschappij N. V. Groningen, Batavia, 1939

Malay

Alternative forms

• (noun): pak (clipping)

Etymology

Variant of bapa, from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Doublet of bapa. Hoogervorst mentioned that the word was affixed as *ba- (“someone who fulfils the function of or behaves like”) +‎ apak (“father”), which is cognate of Tamil அப்பா (appā, “father”), and comparable to modern ber- +‎ apak. See also Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*bāppa, “father”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ba.paʔ]
• Rhymes: -pak, -ak
• Hyphenation: ba‧pak

Noun

bapak (Jawi spelling باڤق, plural bapak-bapak, informal 1st possessive bapakku, 2nd possessive bapakmu, 3rd possessive bapaknya)

1. (informal) Alternative form of bapa.

Adverb

bapak (Jawi spelling باڤق)

1. (colloquial) Used as an intensifier.

   Synonyms: -nya, gila, nak mampus

   Bapak laju kereta tu!

   That car is so fast!

Further reading

• “bapak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.