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Inside Casio Basic

Inside Casio Basic - Index

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Content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860G Sreis (OS 2 or later) and fxCG10/20/50 (OS 2 or later).

This is on-going project, any changes may be made.

Undocumented Casio Basic

	- Display Area UNDOCUMENTED
	- Variety of Coordinate Systems for Graphics UNDOCUMENTED
	- Control of Internal Cursor Row UNDOCUMENTED

Command Reference

*1) Models: "5800" (fx-5800P), "9860" (fx-9860G Series OS 2.00 or later) and "CG" (fx-CG10/20/50).

Basic Operation Commands		Models ^*1)
	→ (Substitution)	5800, 9860, CG
	" " (Text Display)	5800, 9860, CG
	◢ (Display & Pause)	5800, 9860, CG
	? (Input)	5800
	?→ (Input)	5800, 9860, CG

I/O Commands		Models ^*1)
	Getkey	5800, 9860, CG
	Locate	5800, 9860, CG
	Menu	9860, CG

Program Commands		Models ^*1)
	If... Then... [Else...] IfEnd	5800, 9860, CG
	For... To... [Step...] Next	5800, 9860, CG
	While... WhileEnd	5800, 9860, CG
	Do... LpWhile	5800, 9860, CG

Program Control Commands		Models ^*1)
	Break	5800, 9860, CG
	Return	5800, 9860, CG
	Stop	5800, 9860, CG
	Prog	5800, 9860, CG

Jump Commands		Models ^*1)
	Goto... Lbl	5800, 9860, CG
	⇒	5800, 9860, CG
	Isz	5800, 9860, CG
	Dsz	5800, 9860, CG

Relational Operators		Models ^*1)
	=, ≠, <, >, ≤, ≥	5800, 9860, CG

Logical Operators		Models ^*1)
	And, Or, Not	5800, 9860, CG
	Nor	9860, CG

Description Codes		Models ^*1)
	: (Multi-statement code)	5800, 9860, CG
	' (Comment Text Delimiter)	9860, CG

Variables		Models ^*1)
	Alphabets (Capital Letters)	5800, 9860, CG
	Array: Dim, Z[ ]	5800
	Matrix: Dim, Mat, Det, Trn, Fill, ...	5800, 9860, CG
	List: Dim, List, Fill, Min, Max, ...	5800, 9860, CG

Display Setup (text)		Models ^*1)
	Cls (Text)	5800
	ClrText (Text)	9860, CG
	Eng	9860, CG
	EngOn, EngOff	5800, 9860, CG
	Norm	5800, 9860, CG
	Sci	5800, 9860, CG
	Fix	5800, 9860, CG
	Deg, Rad, Gra	5800, 9860, CG
	°, ^r (rad), ^g (gra), ▶DMS	5800, 9860, CG
	f, p, n, μ, m	5800, 9860, CG
	k, M, G, T, P, E	5800, 9860, CG

Strings		Models ^*1)
	Str, StrJoin, StrLen, StrCmp	5800, 9860, CG
	StrSrc, StrLeft, StrRight, StrMid	5800, 9860, CG
	Exp▶Str, Exp, StrUpr, StrLwr	5800, 9860, CG
	StrInv, StrShift, StrTorate, \, +	5800, 9860, CG

Graphics Setup		Models ^*1)
	ClrGraph	9860, CG
	ViewWindow	9860, CG
	StoV-Win	9860, CG
	RclV-Win	9860, CG
	Xmin, Xmax, Xdot, Xscl	9860, CG
	Ymin, Ymax, Yscl	9860, CG
	AxesOn, AxesOff	9860, CG
	AxesScale	CG
	GridOn, GridOff	9860, CG
	GridLine	CG
	LabelOn, LabelOff	9860, CG
	CoordOn, CoordOff	9860, CG
	S-L-Normal, S-L-Thick, S-L-Dot, S-L-Broken	9860, CG
	S-L-Thin	CG
	Plot/Line-Color	CG

Graphics Sketch Commands		Models ^*1)
	Cls (Graphics)	9860, CG
	ClrGraph	9860, CG
	Text	9860, CG
	PxlOn	9860, CG
	PxlOff	9860, CG
	PxlChg	9860, CG
	PxlTest(	9860, CG
	Plot	9860, CG
	Line	9860, CG
	PlotOn	9860, CG
	PlotOff	9860, CG
	F-Line	9860, CG
	Vertical	9860, CG
	Horizontal	9860, CG
	Circle	9860, CG
	SketchNormal, SketchThick, SketchDot, SketchBroken	9860, CG
	SketchThin	CG
	StoPict	9860, CG
	RclPict	9860, CG
	Black, Blue, Red, Magenta, Green, Cyan, Yellow	CG

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? (Input)

→ (Input)

This content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860G Series (OS 2 or later) and fx-CG10/20/50.

This is on-going project, any changes may be made.

Model

fx-5800P

Syntax

?V (V: variable)
"<S>"?V (V: variable, <S>: String)

Key Press

fx-5800P: [FUNCTION][3](3:PROG) [3](1:?)

Function

Key input to variable V.

Description

When ?V is excuted, variable name V and ? are displayed as V? in very left. Value of variable V is displayed in very right in new line. Then ready for key input. Key input number and press [EXE], the numbere is input to variable V and the nunber is displayed in very right of new line. If just [EXE] is pressed, the variable still has same value..
When "STRING"?V is executed, STRING? is displayed in very left. Value of variable V is displayed in very right in new line. Then ready for key input.

Note

? command only can be used on fx-5800P. This command cannot be used on fx-9860G Series or fx-CG10/20/15.

◢ (Display & Pause) Command

◢ (Display & Pause) Command

This content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860G Sreis (OS 2 or later) and fx-CG10/20/50.

This is on-going project, any changes may be made.

Model

fx-5800P, fx-9860GII and fx-CG10/20/50

Syntax

<variable / calculation expression>◢
<statement / display command>◢

Key Press

fx-5800P: [SHIFT][x²]
fx-9860GII: [SHIFT][VARS](PRGM)[F5](◢)

fx-CG10/20/50: [SHIFT][VARS](PRGM)[F5](◢)

Function

Display value or result of <variable / calculate expresison> and interrupt program until [EXE] key is pressed.
Right after <statement / display command> is processed, interrupt program until [EXE] key is pressed.

Description

The command interrupted by ◢ command can be a text display and a graphics display command.
UNDOCUMENTED During program is interrupted by the ◢ command, with fx-5800P small icon Disp is indicated above its display area, and with fx-9860GII or fx-CG10/20/50 "- DISP -" is indicated on current internal cursor row in display area of text screen.

Note

UNDOCUMENTED User should understand that "- DISP - " is indicated in current internal cursor row to avoid unexpected display trouble in some cases. As an example see following code;

[fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10]
'<Sample Code 1>
ClrText
Locate 1,1,"1ST ROW"

its display results in ...

1ST ROW

Adding ◢ command.after Locate ...

[fx-9860GII and fx-CG10/20/50]
'<Sample Code 2>
ClrText
Locate 1,1,"1ST ROW"◢

then the result comes to ...

- DISP -

The "- DISP -" string is over-writes the whole 1st row. In order to display "1ST ROW" text, following code may help;

[fx-9860GII and fx-CG10/20/50]
ClrText
""
Locate 1,1,"1ST ROW"◢

which result in

1ST ROW
- DISP -

or

[fx-9860GII and fx-CG10/20/50]
ClrText
Locate 1,2,"1ST ROW"◢

which result in

- DISP -
1ST ROW

On the other hand, fx-5800P Casio Basic does not result in the same problem ...

[fx-5800P]
Cls
Locate 1,1,"1ST ROW"◢

The result is ...

1ST ROW

There is no harmful - DISP - indication.

See also: Contorl of Internal Cursor Row, " " (Text Display)

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" " (Text Display) Command

" " (Text Display)

This content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860G Series (OS 2 or later) and fx-CG10/20/50.

This is on-going project, any changes may be made.

Model

fx-5800P, fx-9860GII and fx-CG10/20/50

Syntax

"<string>"

Key Press

fx-5800P: [ALPHA][SqrRoot]
fx-9860GII: [ALPHA][EXP]

fx-CG10/20/50: [ALPHA][EXP]

Function

Display string or character(s) between " and ".

Description

<string> (string or charactoer) can be combination of an alphabet, a charactor, a command, a mathimatical function or any simbol.
After display of <string> by "<string>" code, internal cursor row for input or output moves down to the next row.
UNDOCUMENTED The internal cursor row is reset back to top row after text clear command (Cls on fx-5800P or ClrText on fx-9860GII or fx-CG10/20/50) runs.
When the internal cursor row comes to bottom row [4th row from top (fx-5800P) or 7th row from top (fx-9860GII and fx-CG10/20/50)], the internal cursor row stay at the botom row even "<string>" runs.

Note

UNDOCUMENTED Detailed behavior of the " " output command on fx-9860GII or fx-CG10/20/50 is deferent from on fx-5800P. Following sample code gives deferent result;

Locate 5,1,"-RIGHT-"
"LEFT"

[fx-5800P] The output result is...

LEFT-RIGHT-

This result tells you that the "LEFT" code over-writes 4 column.

[fx9860GII or fx-CG10/20/50] The output result is...

LEFT

This result tells you that the "LEFT" code over-writes whole row.

See also: Contorl of Internal Cursor Row

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→ (Substitution)

→ (Substitution)

This content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860G Series (OS 2 or later) and fx-CG10/20/50.

This is on-going project, any changes may be made.

Model

fx-5800P, fx-9860GII and fx-CG10/20/50

Syntax

<A>→V

Key Press

fx-5800P: [FUNCTION][3](3:PROG) [2](2:→)
fx-5800P: UNDOCUMENTED [SHIFT][RCL]

fx-9860GII: [→]
fx-CG10/20/50: [→]

Function

Substitute value of <A> to variable V.

Description

<A> can be a number, a variable or an expression which returns value.

Note

UNDOCUMENTED After press [SHIFT][RCL] keys to input →, Alpha Mode is automatically set. User does not need to press [ALPHA] key for a variable input.

Dislay Area

Display Area

This content is checked by fx-9860GII (OS 2.04) and fxCG20 (OS 2.00).

This is on-going project and any changes may be made.

Model

fx-5800P, fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10

Description

fx-9860GII or fx-CG20/10 has Text Screen and Graphics Screen. Those 2 screens are switched to each other, and text and graphcs cannot be displayed in a single screen.
Text Screen of fx-5800P has 4 lines and 16 columns display area. Text Screen of fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10 has 7 lines and 21 columns display area.
UNDOCUMENTED Graphics Screen of fx-9860GII has 127 pixel x 63 pixel display area. Graphics Screen of fx-CG20/10 has 379 pixel x 187 pixel display area.

Note

UNDOCUMENTED For correct bitmap output with ViewWindow setup, user should be aware of the correct pixel numbers of graphics area. For example a bit map output should have problem if ViewWindow 0,126,0,0,63,0 is set instead of correct setup ViewWindow 0,127,0,0,62,0, See below in details;

Example 1-1: Correct bitmap output as expected in code (fx-9860GII)

Codes	Result
ClrGraph CoordOff GridOff AxesOff LabelOff ViewWindow 0,126,0,0,62,0 For 0→Y To 62 SketchDot F-Line 0,Y,126-MOD(Y,2),Y Next

Example 1-2: Unexpected horizontal line appares with wrong ViewWindow seetup (fx-9860GII)

Codes	Result
ClrGraph CoordOff GridOff AxesOff LabelOff ViewWindow 0,126,0,0,63,0 For 0→Y To 63 SketchDot F-Line 0,Y,126-MOD(Y,2),Y Next
There actually are 63 pixels in vertical direction, but 64 dots is rogically defined in vertical. Psition of all plots are calculated and rounded to be one-to-one correspondence with LCD pixels. That's why the unexpected horizontal line appears.

With fx-CG20/10, ViewWindow 0,126,0,0,62,0 and ViewWindow 0,126,0,0,63,0 gives similar but different results.

Example 2-1: Correct bitmap output as expected in code (fx-CG-20/10)

Codes	Result
ClrGraph CoordOff GridOff AxesOff LabelOff ViewWindow 0,126,0,0,62,0 For 0→Y To 62 SketchDot F-Line 0,Y,126-MOD(Y,2),Y Next

Example 2-2: Unexpected horizontal line appares with wrong ViewWindow setup (fx-CG20/10)

Codes	Result
ClrGraph CoordOff GridOff AxesOff LabelOff ViewWindow 0,126,0,0,63,0 For 0→Y To 63 SketchDot F-Line 0,Y,126-MOD(Y,2),Y Next
Logically it's same result but fxpCG20/10 has different number (187) of pixels, so the result in detailed is not same.

Vriety of Coordinate Systems for Graphics

Variety of Coordinate Systems for Graphics

This content is checked by fx-9860GII (OS 2.04) and fxCG20 (OS 2.00).

This is on-going project and any changes may be made.

Model

fx-9860GII and fxCG20/10

Function

Casio Basic provides variety of coordinate systems; Device Coordinate System and Logical Coordinate Systems.
Device Coordinate System directly corresponds to pixeles of LCD. Left top pixel is pointed by cordinate (1,1) which means (first Row, first Column). Row is in vertical direction and only discrete (natural) number 1, 2, 3, ... is avaiable. Column is in horizontal direction and also only discrete (natural) number is available. With fx-9860GII maximum Row coordinante value is 63 and maximum Column coordinate value is 127. With fx-CG20 max Row value is 187 and max Column vaue is 379. Out of the min - max range or fractional number is set as parameter, Casio Basic returns ERROR.
Device Coordinate System is automatically applied only at usage of Text, PlxOn, PxlOff, PxlChg and PixlTest commands. User cannot expressly set Device Coordinate System.
There are 2 deferent ways to setup Logical Coordinate System, a Default Logical Coordinate System and ViewWindow Logical Coordinate System.
UNDOCUMENTED Default Logical Coordinate System is automatically chosen when ClrGraph command runs. This coordinate system can be expressed by Xmin = -6.3, Xmax = 6.3, Xscl = 0.1, Ymin = -3.1, Ymax = 3.1 and Yscl = 0.1, where those 6 variables are automatically set with those above values. In stead of ClrGraph, following codes gives same resut; Cls:-6.3->Xmin:6.3->Xmax:-3.1->Ymin:3.1->Ymax (where -> is substitution command).
Using ViewWindow command any coordinate system can be defined freely. We call this here as ViewWindow Coordinate System. In stead of ViewWindow command, setting 6 variables (Xmin, Xmax, Xscl, Ymin, Ymax and Yscl) results in same setup;

See also: ClrGraph, ViewWindow, Xmin, Xmax, Xscl, Ymin, Ymax, Yscl

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Control of Internal Cursor Row

Control of Internal Cursor Row

This content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860GII (OS 2.04) and fx-CG20 (OS 2.00).

This is on-going project, and any changes may be made.

Model

fx-5800P, fx-9860GII and fx-CG20

Function UNDOCUMENTED

When ? (input), " " (output) or ◢ (output of value and pause) runs, input and output row is automaticallly controled. The input and output row start with top row of LCD and incremented at the time one of those commands is carried out. Once the row comes to bottom (4th row with fx-5800P or 7th row with fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10) the row stays at the bottom.
Only after 'clear text' command Cls (fx-5800P) or ClrText (fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10) runs, the cursor row is reset back to top row.

Note

Run "" (no charactor within " ") once, then the internal cursor moves down to the next row.

See also: ?, " ", ◢, Cls, ClrText

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Cls Command

Cls

This content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860GII (OS 2.04) and fx-CG20 (OS 2.00).

This is on-going project, and any changes may be made.

Model

fx-5800P, fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10

Syntax

Cls

Key Press

- fx-5800P: [FUNCTION] [3] (3:PROG) [▼] [▼] [5] (5:Cls)
- fx-9860GII, fx-CG20/10: [SHIFT] [F4] (Sketch) [F1] (Cls)

Function

- fx-5800P: Clear text display.
- fx-9860GII and fx-CG-20/10:Clear graphics display.

Description

UNDOCUMENTED Cls and ClrGraph on fx-9860GII and fx-CG-20/10 clear graphics display. ClrGraph also changes coordinate system into Default Logical Coordinate System and modify dot pitch (Xdot) to 0.1.
Cls simply just clears graphics.
ClrText on fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10 clears text display.
UNDOCUMENTED With fx-5800P, Cls resets internal cursor row to top row, for details see Control of Internal Cursor Row.
UNDOCUMENTED With fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10, ClrText resets internal cursor row to top row, for details see Control of Internal Cursor Row.

Note

Cls command on fx-5800P is not compatible on fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10.

See also: ClrText, ClrGraph, Control of Internal Cursor Row

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PlotOff Command

PlotOff

This content is checked by fx-5800P, fx-9860GII (OS 2.04) and fx-CG20 (OS 2.00).

This is on-going project, any changes may be made.

Model

fx-9860GII and fx-CG20/10

Syntax

PlotOff <X>,<Y>

Key Press

[SHIFT] [F4] (Sketch) [F6] (⊳) [F1] (PLOT) [F3] (Pl⋅Off)

Function

Clear a pixel corresponding to coordinate (<X>, <Y>).

Description

Exact position of the coordinate on LCD is based on currently setup coordinate system, Default Logical or ViewWindow Coordinate System.
<X> and <Y> can be a number, a variable or an expression which returns value.
UNDOCUMENTED After procssing PlotOff, value of <X> and <Y> are automatically substituted into variable X and Y subsequently. See following sample code;

ClrGraph
CoordOff
GridOff
AxesOff
LabelOff
ViewWindow 0,126,00,62,0
F-Line 0,0,62,62
For 0->I To 62
PlotOff I,I
Text 1,1,X
Text 18,1,Y◢
Next

Note

Pay attention to value of variables X and Y which are changed by this command in your program, see Desc 3.

See also: PlotOn, PlotChg, ViewWindow, ClrGraph

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