Abstract
In this paper, a method combining the use of discrete shearlet transform (DST) and the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is presented to classify surface defects of hot-rolled steel strips into the six classes of rolled-in scale, patches, crazing, pitted surface, inclusion and scratches. Feature extraction involves the extraction of multi-directional shearlet features from each input image followed by GLCM calculations from all extracted sub-bands, from which a set of statistical features is extracted. The resultant high-dimensional feature vectors are then reduced using principal component analysis. A supervised support vector machine classifier is finally trained to classify the surface defects. The proposed feature set is compared against the Gabor, wavelets and the original GLCM in order to evaluate and validate its robustness. Experiments were conducted on a database of hot-rolled steel strips consisting of 1800 grayscale images whose defects exhibit high inter-class similarity as well as high intra-class appearance variations. Results indicate that the proposed DST–GLCM method is superior to other methods and achieves classification rates of 96.00%.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Davim, P.J. (ed.): Surface Integrity in Machining. Springer, New York (2010)
Neogi, N.; Mohanta, D.K.; Dutta, P.K.: Review of vision-based steel surface inspection systems. EURASIP J. Image Video Process. 1, 50 (2014)
Metal Supermarkets: Difference between hot and cold rolled steel (2014). https://www.metalsupermarkets.com/difference-between-hot-rolled-steel-and-cold-rolled-steel/. Accessed 23 Jan 2017.
Xu, K.; Liu, S.; Ai, Y.: Application of shearlet transform to classification of surface defects for metals. Image Vis. Comput. 35, 23–30 (2015)
Sharifzadeh, M.; Alirezaee, S.; Amirfattahi, R.; Sadri, S.: Detection of steel defect using the image processing algorithms. In: Multitopic Conference, 2008. INMIC 2008. IEEE International, pp. 125–127. IEEE (2008)
Luiz, A.M.; Flávio, L.P.; Paulo, E.A.: Automatic detection of surface defects on rolled steel using computer vision and artificial neural networks. In: IECON 2010—36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 1081–1086. IEEE (2010)
Song, K.; Hu, S.; Yan, Y.: Automatic recognition of surface defects on hot-rolled steel strip using scattering convolution network. J. Comput. Inf. Syst 10(7), 3049–3055 (2014)
Smith, C.J.; Adendorff, K.: Advantages and limitations of an automated visual inspection system. S. Afr. J. Ind. Eng. 5(1) (2012)
Puig, D.; Garcia, M.A.: Pixel-based texture classification by integration of multiple feature extraction methods evaluated over multisized windows. Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. 21(07), 1159–1170 (2007)
Kutyniok, G.; Labate, D.: Shearlets: Multiscale Analysis for Multivariate Data. Birkhäuser, New York (2012)
Li, H.; Wang, X.; Tang, J.; Zhao, C.: Combining global and local matching of multiple features for precise item image retrieval. Multimed. Syst. 19(1), 37–49 (2012)
Ashour, M.W.; Hussin, M.F.; Mahar, K.M.: Supervised texture classification using several features extraction techniques based on ANN and SVM. In: IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, pp. 567–574 (2008)
Zheng, D.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, J.: August. Features extraction using a Gabor filter family. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Lasted International conference, Signal and Image Processing, Hawaii (2004)
Guo, K.; Kutyniok, G.; Labate, D.: Sparse multidimensional representations using anisotropic dilation and shear operators. In: Chen, G., Lai, M.J. (eds.) Wavelets and Splines (Athens, GA, 2005), pp. 189–201. Nashboro Press, Nashville (2006)
Ashour, M.W.; Halin, A.A.; Khalid, F.; Abdullah, L.N.; Darwish, S.H.: Texture-based classification of workpiece surface images using the support vector machine. Int. J. Softw. Eng. Appl. 9(10), 147–160 (2015)
Lim, W.Q.: The discrete shearlet transform: a new directional transform and compactly supported shearlet frames. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19(5), 1166–1180 (2010)
Lee, M.; Hur, S.; Park, Y.; April. An obstacle classification method using multi-feature comparison based on 2D LIDAR database. In: 12th International Conference on Information Technology—New Generations (ITNG), pp. 674–679 (2015)
Ping Tian, D.: A review on image feature extraction and representation techniques. Int. J. Multimed. Ubiquitous Eng. 8(4), 385–396 (2013)
Guo, K.; Kutyniok, G.; Labate, D.: Sparse multidimensional representations using anisotropic dilation and shear operators(2006)
Easley, G.; Labate, D.; Lim, W.Q.: Sparse directional image representations using the discrete shearlet transform. Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 25(1), 25–46 (2008)
Kutyniok, G.; Labate, D. ed.: Shearlets: Multiscale Analysis for Multivariate Data. Springer Science & Business Media (2012).
Vivek, C.; Audithan, S.: Texture classification by shearlet band signatures. Asian J. Sci. Res. 7(1), 94 (2014)
Pradhan, P.M.; Cheng, C.H.; Mitchell, J.R.: S-transform based approach for texture analysis of medical images. In: 2014 International Conference on High Performance Computing and Applications (ICHPCA), pp. 1–4. IEEE (2014)
Haralick, R.M.: Statistical and structural approaches to texture. Proc. IEEE 67(5), 786–804 (1979)
Hassaballah, M.; Abdelmgeid, A.A.; Alshazly, H.A.: Image features detection, description and matching. In: Image Feature Detectors and Descriptors, pp. 11–45. Springer, New York (2016)
Sachin, D.: Dimensionality reduction and classification through PCA and LDA. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 122(17) (2015)
Kambhatla, N.; Leen, T.K.: Dimension reduction by local principal component analysis. Dimension 9(7), 1493–1516 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ashour, M.W., Khalid, F., Abdul Halin, A. et al. Surface Defects Classification of Hot-Rolled Steel Strips Using Multi-directional Shearlet Features. Arab J Sci Eng 44, 2925–2932 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3329-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3329-5