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EERBCR: Energy-efficient regional based cooperative routing protocol for underwater sensor networks with sink mobility

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Abstract

The balance energy consumption of nodes is a key factor to prolong network lifetime. A sensor node in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), has very limited power battery, therefore, utilizing the power battery in efficient manner is still a challenging task. To enhance network lifetime, we proposed an Energy-Efficient Regional base Cooperative Routing (EERBCR) protocol with sink mobility for UWSNs. In EERBCR, we divided the network field in 12 regions, three by four vertically and horizontally respectively. Total numbers of four mobile sinks are positioned, having equal distance to each other while 100 sensors nodes are deployed randomly. Each mobile sink travels on pre-defined straight path and covers 3 regions. All the sensor nodes are in sleeping mode, until the sink arrives to their region, upon the arrival of sink node to a region, it broadcasts a hello message. All the nodes in that region receive that message and activate themselves. When the sink is about to leave the region, it broadcasts another packet, informing the nodes about its departure so that the nodes go back into sleeping mode. The simulation results show the validity of EERBCR as it performed better than Depth-Based Routing (DBR), Energy Efficient Depth-Based Routing (EEDBR) and depth and energy-aware dominating set (DEADS) protocols.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, City University of Science and Information Technology, Dalazak Road, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Haseena Gul, Ghufran Ullah & Yosra Khan

  2. Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang Khanpur Road, Haripur, Pakistan

    Ghufran Ullah

  3. University of Swat, Saidu Road, Mingora, Pakistan

    Muzammil Khan

Authors
  1. Haseena Gul
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  2. Ghufran Ullah
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  3. Muzammil Khan
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  4. Yosra Khan
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Correspondence to Ghufran Ullah.

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Gul, H., Ullah, G., Khan, M. et al. EERBCR: Energy-efficient regional based cooperative routing protocol for underwater sensor networks with sink mobility. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 14, 6063–6075 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02781-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02781-7

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