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Concepts for Modeling Smart Cities

An ArchiMate Extension

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Abstract

The rapid increase and adoption of new Information Technologies (IT) in Smart Cities make the provision of public services more efficient. However, various municipalities and cities deal with challenges to transform and digitize city services. Smart Cities have a high degree of complexity where offered city services must respond to the concerns and goals of multiple stakeholders. These city services must also involve diverse data sources, multi-domain applications, and heterogeneous systems and technologies. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an instrument to deal with complexity in both private and public organizations. The paper defines the concepts for modeling Smart Cities in ArchiMate, guided by a design-oriented research approach. Particularly, the focus of this paper is on the concepts for modeling city services and underlying information systems which are added to the EA metamodel. The metamodel is demonstrated in a real-world case and validated by Smart City domain experts. The findings suggest that these concepts are essential to achieve the Smart City strategy (e.g., city goals and objectives), as well as to meet the needs of different city stakeholders. Furthermore, an extension mechanism allows addressing the alignment of business and IT in complex environments such as Smart Cities, by adjusting EA metamodels and notations. This can help cities to design, visualize, and communicate architecture decisions when managing the transformation and digitalization of public services.

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Notes

  1. ArchiSmartCity - https://github.com/vivikaing/ArchiSmartCity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Sandwich Program Fellowship funded by the Council for Higher Education of Israel. This work was supported, in part, by Science Foundation Ireland grant 13/RC/2094_P2 and co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund through the Southern & Eastern Regional Operational Programme to Lero - the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software (www.lero.ie). The authors want to acknowledge the valuable help and support from the participants and members of the Federation of Local Authorities in Israel, especially to the CEO, Shlomo Dolberg. Sincere thanks to Netanya Municipality to allow us to conduct the case study and for their insightful and invaluable feedback which helped in evolving this article. Special thanks to Miriam Feirberg Ikar, mayor of Netanya, Yoram Cohen, CEO of Netanya, and Lizi Oron, Director of Municipal Operation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel

    Viviana Bastidas & Iris Reychav

  2. Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland

    Viviana Bastidas

  3. Smart City and Digital Domain Management, Netanya Municipality, Netanya, Israel

    Alon Ofir

  4. School of Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Marija Bezbradica

  5. Innovation Value Institute, School of Business, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland

    Markus Helfert

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  1. Viviana Bastidas
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Correspondence to Viviana Bastidas.

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Accepted after 4 revisions by Jelena Zdravkovic.

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Bastidas, V., Reychav, I., Ofir, A. et al. Concepts for Modeling Smart Cities. Bus Inf Syst Eng 64, 359–373 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-021-00724-w

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