Abstract
This empirical study examines the factors influencing cargo robbery incidents in Brazil’s last-mile e-commerce delivery. By analyzing historical data from a leading online retailer, the study identifies variables such as shipment value, quantity, time of day, use of third-party services, and the presence or absence of an escort. The findings demonstrate the significant impact of these factors on the severity of cargo robbery incidents in the last-mile delivery process. These results provide valuable insights for developing effective risk management strategies to mitigate cargo robbery risks in the e-commerce sector. The study contributes to the literature on cargo security in last-mile delivery and offers practical implications for businesses, logistics professionals, and policymakers involved in the Brazilian e-commerce industry.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data used in this study were obtained from a leading company in the Brazilian e-commerce market. Access to the specific dataset used can be requested from the corresponding author. However, due to confidentiality and privacy concerns, access to the data may be subject to approval by the data owner. Interested researchers may contact the corresponding author to inquire about the possibility of accessing the data.
References
Amaral CA, Figueiredo LAD (2008) A melhoria do processo logístico de uma organização por meio da navegação de cabotagem: o caso Aracruz Celulose. XVIII Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção – ENEGEP. Anais. Abepro, Rio de Janeiro
Anderson S, Allen J, Browne M (2005) Urban logistics––how can it meet policymakers’ sustainability objectives? J Transp Geogr 13(1):71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2004.11.002
Araújo DR, Figueiredo LA, Mandato F (2007) Mensuração das perdas geradas no processo de envio de bobinas da CST pelo modal rodoviário. Anais do X Simpósio de Administração de Produção, Logística e Operações Internacionais, São Paulo
Autry CW, Bobbitt LM (2008) Supply chain security orientation: conceptual development and a proposed framework. Int J Logist Manag 19(1):42–64
Barreto LP, Silva AS, Ferreira RC (2020) Risk analysis of transporting goods by road in Brazil. In Supply Chain Management and Logistics in Emerging Markets: Selected Papers from the 2018 MIT SCALE Latin America Conference (pp 157–174). Emerald Publishing Limited
Blois HD, Finamore EB, Mallmann VM, Biazi R (2007) Cenários Prospectivos no Transporte Rodoviá rio de cargas: um Estudo no Core de Produç a o do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. XXXI Encontro da ANPAD, Rio de Janeiro
Cavenaghi V, Frederico GF (2007) A importância da avaliação de desempenho no contexto atual dos operadores de transporte ferroviário. In XXVII Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção – ENEGEP. Anais. Abepro, Foz do Iguaçu
Cohen LE, Felson M (1979) Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activity approach. Am Sociol Rev 44(4):588–608
Corrar LJ, Paulo E, Dias Filho JM (2007) Análise multivariada para os cursos de administração. Ciências Contábeis e Economia, 568
da Silva LDOV, de Camargo Braga MG (2018) Violent events on the road: risk perception of traffic-related and non-traffic-related situations. Accid Anal Prev 114:55–61
Duarte ALDCM, Macau F, Flores e Silva C, Sanches LM (2019) Last-mile delivery to the bottom of the pyramid in Brazilian slums. Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manag 49(5):473–491
Ekwall D (2007) Antagonistic gateways in the transport network in a supply chain perspective (Doctoral dissertation, Göteborg: Chalmers tekniska högskola; Borås: Högskolan I Borås)
Ekwall D (2009) The displacement effect in cargo theft. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 39(1):47–62
Ekwall D (2010) On analyzing the official statistics for antagonistic threats against transports in EU: a supply chain risk perspective. J Transp Secur 3(4):213–230
Ekwall D, Lantz B (2017) Cargo theft risk and security: product and location. In 29th Norforma Conference
Ekwall D, Lantz B (2013) Seasonality of cargo theft at transport chain locations. Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manag 43(9):728–746. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-06-2012-0175
Ekwall D, Lantz B (2018) The use of violence in cargo theft–a supply chain disruption case. J Transp Secur 11:3–21
Ekwall D, Lantz B (2022) Seasonality of incident types in transport crime–analysis of TAPA statistics. J Transp Secur 15(3–4):193–222
Ferrer JM, Martín-Campo FJ, Ortuño MT, Pedraza-Martínez AJ, Tirado G, Vitoriano B (2018) Multi-criteria optimization for last mile distribution of disaster relief aid: test cases and applications. Eur J Oper Res 269(2):501–515
Gevaers R, Van de Voorde E, Vanelslander T (2011) Characteristics and typology of last-mile logistics from an innovation perspective in an urban context. Multiple perspectives, City distribution and urban freight transport, pp 56–71
Gignac GE (2019) How2statsbook (Online Edition 1), Chapter 14. Perth, Australia
Guerin L, Vieira JGV, de Oliveira RLM, de Oliveira LK, de Miranda Vieira HE, Dablanc L (2021) The geography of warehouses in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region and contributing factors to this spatial distribution. J Transp Geogr 91:102976
Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE, Tatham RL (2009) Análise multivariada de dados. Bookman editora
Lam JSL, Dai J (2015) Developing supply chain security design of logistics service providers: An analytical network process-quality function deployment approach. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 45(7):674–690
Liang X, Fan S, Lucy J, Yang Z (2022) Risk analysis of cargo theft from freight supply chains using a data-driven bayesian network. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 226:108702
Meixell MJ, Norbis M (2012) Integrating carrier selection with supplier selection decisions to improve supply chain security. Int Trans Oper Res 19(5):711–732
Moroz M, Polkowski Z (2016) The last mile issue and urban logistics: choosing parcel machines in the context of the ecological attitudes of the Y generation consumers purchasing online. Transp Res Procedia 16:378–393
NTC Logística (2021) NTC Logística divulga pesquisa do roubo de cargas 2021. Recuperado de https://www.portalntc.org.br/ntclogistica-divulga-pesquisa-do-roubo-de-cargas-2021/
Portal Ternura FM (2016, 21 de dezembro) Roubo de cargas: Brasil lidera índice na América Latina. Como prevenir? Recuperado de. https://www.portalternurafm.com.br/noticias/ibitinga/roubo-de-cargas-brasil-lidera-indice-na-america-latina-como-prevenir/4516
Prokop D (2004) Smart and safe borders: the logistics of inbound cargo security. Int J Logist Manag 15(2):65–76
Russell DM, Saldanha JP (2003) Five tenets of security-aware logistics and supply chain operation. Transp J 44–54
Sternberg H, Lantz B (2018) Using crowdsourced data to analyze transport crime. Int J Logist Res Appl 21(2):133–147
Stickle B, Hicks M, Stickle A, Hutchinson Z (2020) Porch pirates: examining unattended package theft through crime script analysis. Crim Justice Stud 33(2):79–95
TT Club (2022) TAPA, EMEA, and BSI Annual Cargo Theft Report. Recuperado de. https://www.ttclub.com/media/files/tt-club/bsi-tt-club-cargo-theft-report/2022-tt-club-tapa-emea-and-bsi-annual-cargo-theft-report-1.pdf
Urciuoli L, Hintsa J (2016) Differences in security risk perceptions between logistics companies and cargo owners. The International Journal of Logistics Management 27(2):418–437
Van den Engel AW, Prummel E (2007) Organized theft of commercial vehicles and their loads in the European Union. European Parliament. Directorate General Internal Policies of the Union. Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies. Transport and Tourism, Brussels
Vieira JGV, Fransoo JC, Carvalho CD (2015) Freight distribution in megacities: perspectives of shippers, logistics service providers, and carriers. J Transp Geogr 46:46–54
Williams Z, Lueg JE, LeMay SA (2008) Supply chain security: an overview and research agenda. The International Journal of Logistics Management 19(2):254–281
Wu PJ, Chen MC, Tsau CK (2017) The data-driven analytics for investigating cargo loss in logistics systems. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 47(1):68–83
Zailani SH, Subaramaniam KS, Iranmanesh M, Shaharudin MR (2015) The impact of supply chain security practices on operational security performance among logistics service providers in an emerging economy: security culture as moderator. Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manag 45(7):652–673
Funding
No funding was received for conducting this study. The research was self-funded by the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
The contributions of each author to this study are as follows: Beatriz Torres Silva - Conceived and designed the study, analyzed the historical data and wrote the manuscript. Mauro Sampaio : Provided guidance and expertise in the data analysis and contributed to the critical revisions of the manuscript. Both authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
This study did not involve human participants or animals. Therefore, ethical approval was not required for this research.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.There are no financial or personal relationships that could be perceived as potential competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Silva, B.T., Sampaio, M. Factors influencing cargo robbery in last-mile delivery of e-commerce: an empirical study in Brazil. J Transp Secur 16, 10 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-023-00267-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-023-00267-z