Abstract
Image quality assessment (IQA) has been intensively studied, especially for the full-reference (FR) scenario. However, only the mean-squared error (MSE) is widely employed in compression. Why other IQA metrics work ineffectively? We first sum up three main limitations including the computational time, portability, and working manner. To address these problems, we then in this paper propose a new content-weighted MSE (CW-MSE) method to assess the quality of compressed images. The design principle of our model is to use adaptive Gaussian convolution to estimate the influence of image content in a block-based manner, thereby to approximate the human visual perception to image quality. Results of experiments on six popular subjective image quality databases (including LIVE, TID2008, CSIQ, IVC, Toyama and TID2013) confirm the superiority of our CW-MSE over state-of-the-art FR IQA approaches.





Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sheikh, H.R., Wang, Z., Cormack, L., Bovik, A.C.: LIVE image quality assessment database release 2. http://live.ece.utexas.edu/research/quality
Ponomarenko, N., Lukin, V., Zelensky, A., Egiazarian, K., Carli, M., Battisti, F.: TID2008—a database for evaluation of full-reference visual quality assessment metrics. Adv. Mod. Radioelectron. 10, 30–45 (2009)
Larson, E.C., Chandler, D.M.: Categorical image quality (CSIQ) database. http://vision.okstate.edu/csiq
Ninassi, A., Le Callet, P., Autrusseau, F.: Subjective quality assessment-IVC database. http://www2.irccyn.ec-nantes.fr/ivcdb
Horita, Y., Shibata, K., Kawayoke, Y., Sazzad, Z.M.P.: MICT image quality evaluation database. http://mict.eng.u-toyama.ac.jp/mict/index2.html
Ponomarenko, N., Ieremeiev, O., Lukin, V., Egiazarian, K., Jin, L., Astola, J., Vozel, B., Chehdi, K., Carli, M., Battisti, F., Jay Kuo, C.-C.: Color image database TID2013: peculiarities and preliminary results. In: EUVIP2013, pp. 106–111, Jun 2013
Rehman, A., Wang, Z.: SSIM-based nonlocal means image denoising. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 217–220, Sept 2011
Rehman, A., Wang, Z.: Reduced-reference image quality assessment by structural similarity estimation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(8), 3378–3389 (2012)
Wang, S., Rehman, A., Wang, Z., Ma, S., Gao, W.: SSIM-motivated rate distortion optimization for video coding. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 22(4), 516–529 (2012)
Wang, S., Rehman, A., Wang, Z., Ma, S., Gao, W.: Perceptual video coding based on SSIM-inspired divisive normalization. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(4), 1418–1429 (2013)
Zhao, T., Zeng, K., Rehman, A., Wang, Z.: On the use of SSIM in HEVC. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 1107–1111, Nov 2013
Yeganeh, H., Wang, Z.: Objective quality assessment of tone-mapped images. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(2), 657–667 (2013)
Yeganeh, H., Wang, Z.: High dynamic range image tone mapping by maximizing a structural fidelity measure. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1879–1883, May 2013
Gu, K., Zhai, G., Liu, M., Yang, X., Zhang, W.: Details preservation inspired blind quality metric of tone mapping methods. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 518-521, Jun 2014
Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C.: Mean squared error: love it or leave it? A new look at signal fidelity measures. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 26(1), 98–117 (2009)
Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600–612 (2004)
Wang, Z., Simoncelli, E.P., Bovik, A.C.: Multi-scale structural similarity for image quality assessment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, pp. 1398–1402, Nov 2003
Wang, Z., Li, Q.: Information content weighting for perceptual image quality assessment. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 20(5), 1185–1198 (2011)
He, L., Gao, X., Lu, W., Li, X., Tao, D.: Image quality assessment based on S-CIELAB model. Signal Image Video Process. 7(3), 283–290 (2011)
Gu, K., Zhai, G., Yang, X., Zhang, W.: A new psychovisual paradigm for image quality assessment: from differentiating distortion types to discriminating quality conditions. Signal Image Video Process. 7(3), 423–436 (2013)
Dumic, E., Grgic, S., Grgic, M.: IQM2: new image quality measure based on steerable pyramid wavelet transform and structural similarity index. Signal Image Video Process. 8(6), 1159–1168 (2014)
Gu, K., Liu, M., Zhai, G., Yang, X., Zhang, W.: Quality assessment considering viewing distance and image resolution. IEEE Trans. Broadcast. 61(3), 520–531
Larson, E.C., Chandler, D.M.: Most apparent distortion: full-reference image quality assessment and the role of strategy. J. Electron. Imaging 19(1), (2010)
Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Mou, X., Zhang, D.: FSIM: a feature similarity index for image quality assessment. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 20(8), 2378–2386 (2011)
Narwaria, M., Lin, W., Enis Cetin, A.: Scalable image quality assessment with 2D mel-cepstrum and machine learning approach. Pattern Recognit. 45(1), 299–313 (2012)
Liu, A., Lin, W., Narwaria, M.: Image quality assessment based on gradient similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(4), 1500–1512 (2012)
Wu, J., Lin, W., Shi, G., Liu, A.: Perceptual quality metric with internal generative mechanism. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(1), 43–54 (2013)
Gu, K., Zhai, G., Yang, X., Zhang, W.: An efficient color image quality metric with local-tuned-global model. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 506–510. IEEE, Paris, Oct 2014
Xue, W., Mou, X., Zhang, L., Feng, X.: Perceptual fidelity aware mean squared error. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 705–712, Dec 2013
Simoncelli, E.P., Olshausen, B.A.: Natural image statistics and neural representation. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24(1), 1193–1216 (2001)
Morrone, M.C., Ross, J., Burr, D.C., Owens, R.: Mach bands are phase dependent. Nature 324, 250–253 (1986)
Friston, K.: The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 11, 127–138 (2010)
Wang, S., Zhang, X., Ma, S., Gao, W.: Reduced reference image quality assessment using entropy of primitives. In: Picture Coding Symposium, pp. 193–196, 2013
Suhre, A., Kose, K., Enis Cetin, A., Gurcan, M.N.: Content-adaptive color transform for image compression. Opt. Eng. 50(5), (2011)
Soundararajan, R., Bovik, A.C.: Survey of information theory in visual quality assessment. Signal Image Video Process. 7(3), 391–401 (2013)
VQEG: final report from the video quality experts group on the validation of objective models of video quality assessment. Mar 2000. http://www.vqeg.org/
Zhai, G., Wu, X., Yang, X., Lin, W., Zhang, W.: A psychovisual quality metric in free-energy principle. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 21(1), 41–52 (2012)
Gu, K., Zhai, G., Yang, X., Zhang, W.: Using free energy principle for blind image quality assessment. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 17(1), 50–63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gu, K., Wang, S., Zhai, G. et al. Content-weighted mean-squared error for quality assessment of compressed images. SIViP 10, 803–810 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-015-0818-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-015-0818-9