Abstract
Identification of plant diseases plays an important and challenging role in the protection of agricultural crops and also their quality. Several works are in progress to improve the existing leaf image-based disease identification using deep learning. In this paper, we have studied some of the existing plant disease identification techniques and proposed a novel plant disease identification model based on deep convolutional neural network (CNN) along with different ensemble classifiers. In our model, features used for classification are obtained using the Deep CNN model and classified using different classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression (LR). The obtained results are compared with different existing deep learning classifiers. The result shows that the SVM and LR classifier outperforms some of the other pre-trained deep learning models in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. It is also observed that using significantly less number of parameters, we have achieved better classification accuracy than some pre-trained deep learning models.












Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Data availability
The datasets analyzed during the current study are available in Website as Plant Village Dataset and the link is: https://github.com/spMohanty/PlantVillage-Dataset.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Adedoja A, Owolawi PA, Mapayi T (2019) Deep learning based on nasnet for plant disease recognition using leave images. In: 2019 International conference on advances in big data, computing and data communication systems (icABCD). IEEE, pp 1–5
Argüeso D, Picon A, Irusta U, Medela A, San-Emeterio MG, Bereciartua A, Alvarez-Gila A (2020) Few-shot learning approach for plant disease classification using images taken in the field. Comput Electron Agric 175:105542
Atole RR, Park D (2018) A multiclass deep convolutional neural network classifier for detection of common rice plant anomalies. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 9:1
Bhimte NR, Thool V (2018) Diseases detection of cotton leaf spot using image processing and svm classifier. In: 2018 Second international conference on intelligent computing and control systems (ICICCS). IEEE, pp 340–344
Ferentinos KP (2018) Deep learning models for plant disease detection and diagnosis. Comput Electron Agric 145:311–318
Fuentes A, Yoon S, Kim SC, Park DS (2017) A robust deep-learning-based detector for real-time tomato plant diseases and pests recognition. Sensors 17(9):2022
Geetharamani G, Pandian A (2019) Identification of plant leaf diseases using a nine-layer deep convolutional neural network. Comput Electr Eng 76:323–338
Hughes D, Salathé M, et al (2015) An open access repository of images on plant health to enable the development of mobile disease diagnostics. arXiv:1511.08060
Kaur S, Pandey S, Goel S (2018) Semi-automatic leaf disease detection and classification system for soybean culture. IET Image Proc 12(6):1038–1048
Khirade SD, Patil A (2015) Plant disease detection using image processing. In: 2015 International conference on computing communication control and automation. IEEE, pp 768–771
Lee SH, Goëau H, Bonnet P, Joly A (2020) New perspectives on plant disease characterization based on deep learning. Comput Electron Agric 170:105220
Li Y, Yang J (2020) Few-shot cotton pest recognition and terminal realization. Comput Electron Agric 169:105240
Liakos KG, Busato P, Moshou D, Pearson S, Bochtis D (2018) Machine learning in agriculture: a review. Sensors 18(8):2674
Lu J, Hu J, Zhao G, Mei F, Zhang C (2017) An in-field automatic wheat disease diagnosis system. Comput Electron Agric 142:369–379
Ma J, Du K, Zheng F, Zhang L, Gong Z, Sun Z (2018) A recognition method for cucumber diseases using leaf symptom images based on deep convolutional neural network. Comput Electron Agric 154:18–24
Mohanty SP, Hughes DP, Salathé M (2016) Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection. Front Plant Sci 7:1419
Oppenheim D, Shani G (2017) Potato disease classification using convolution neural networks. Adv Anim Biosci 8(2):244
Phadikar S, Sil J, Das AK (2013) Rice diseases classification using feature selection and rule generation techniques. Comput Electron Agric 90:76–85
Ramcharan A, Baranowski K, McCloskey P, Ahmed B, Legg J, Hughes DP (2017) Deep learning for image-based cassava disease detection. Front Plant Sci 8:1852
Sethy PK, Barpanda NK, Rath AK, Behera SK (2020) Deep feature based rice leaf disease identification using support vector machine. Comput Electron Agric 175:105527
Sladojevic S, Arsenovic M, Anderla A, Culibrk D, Stefanovic D (2016) Deep neural networks based recognition of plant diseases by leaf image classification. Computational intelligence and neuroscience 2016
Too EC, Yujian L, Njuki S, Yingchun L (2019) A comparative study of fine-tuning deep learning models for plant disease identification. Comput Electron Agric 161:272–279
Trong VH, Gwang-hyun Y, Vu DT, Jin-young K (2020) Late fusion of multimodal deep neural networks for weeds classification. Comput Electron Agric 175:105506
Truong QB, Thanh TKN, Nguyen MT, Truong QD, Huynh HX (2018) Shallow and deep learning architecture for pests identification on pomelo leaf. In: 2018 10th international conference on knowledge and systems engineering (KSE). IEEE, pp 335–340
Türkoğlu M, Hanby D (2019) Plant disease and pest detection using deep learning-based features. Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci 27(3):1636–1651
Vallabhajosyula S, Sistla V, Kolli VKK (2022) Transfer learning-based deep ensemble neural network for plant leaf disease detection. J Plant Dis Protect 129(3):545–558
Wang G, Sun Y, Wang J (2017) Automatic image-based plant disease severity estimation using deep learning. Comput Intell Neurosci 2017
Zeng W, Li M (2020) Crop leaf disease recognition based on self-attention convolutional neural network. Comput Electron Agric 172:105341
Zhang S, Wang H, Huang W, You Z (2018) Plant diseased leaf segmentation and recognition by fusion of superpixel, k-means and phog. Optik 157:866–872
Zhang X, Qiao Y, Meng F, Fan C, Zhang M (2018) Identification of maize leaf diseases using improved deep convolutional neural networks. IEEE Access 6:30370–30377
Funding
The research received no external funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Hassan, S.M., Maji, A.K. Deep feature-based plant disease identification using machine learning classifier. Innovations Syst Softw Eng 20, 789–799 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-022-00513-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-022-00513-y