The Impact of Diverse Jamming Schemes against LTE-Based Remote Detonation Devices | Wireless Personal Communications Skip to main content
Log in

The Impact of Diverse Jamming Schemes against LTE-Based Remote Detonation Devices

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a study of the impact of different types of waveform jamming schemes against remote detonation communication devices based on Long term evolution (LTE) technology. Two main categories of waveform jamming signals (single-carrier and multi-carriers) were used. Also, two jamming scenarios against LTE-based remote detonation devices (jamming the whole LTE frame and jamming the LTE synchronization channel) were investigated. The key point of evaluating the effectiveness of the presented waveform jamming signals is by measuring their ability to successfully cut off the connection between the transmitter and the LTE-based remote detonation device. This is achieved by verifying that the remote detonation device is unable to successfully receive the transmitted information (Deny of Service (DOS) mode). To this end, emulations of these scenarios are held using two Keysight software-defined radio software programs (SystemVue 2015 and VSA 89600). Finally, a real practical experiment of the impact of different waveform jamming schemes against LTE-based remote detonation devices is emulated to present the optimal waveform jamming scheme against these types of devices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Japan)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

I consent to the availability of Data and materials.

References

  1. Jarwan, A., Sabbah, A., Ibnkahla, M., & Issa, O. (2019). LTE-based public safety networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(2), 1165–1187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kodzo, A. B. S., Ebenezer, G. K., Tawiah, S., & Emmanuel, K. (2017). MTN 4th generation long terminal evolution (4Lte), a new technological paradigm for Ghana’s economy. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 54(2), 66–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Suryanegara, M., Andriyanto, F., & Winarko, B. (2017). What changes after switching to 4G-LTE? Findings From the Indonesian market. IEEE Access, 5, 17070–17076.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bin, H., Irshad, M., Noman, S. M., Tang, X., Song, C., & Haider, S. A. (2021). Design and simulation of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling. In Lakhmi C. Jain, Roumen Kountchev, & Yonghang Tai (Eds.), 3D imaging technologies—Multidimensional signal processing and deep learning: methods, algorithms and applications (pp. 187–197). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Weithoffer, S., Nour, C. A., Wehn, N., Douillard, C., & Berrou, C. (2018). 25 years of turbo codes: From Mb/s to beyond 100 Gb/s. In 2018 IEEE 10th international symposium on turbo codes & iterative information processing (ISTC), pp. 1–6.

  6. Farsund, B., Hegland, A.-M., & Lillevold, F. (2017). LTE for military communication—Business models and vulnerabilities. In 2017 19th international conference on advanced communication technology (ICACT), pp. 64–71: IEEE.

  7. Bittium. Stand-alone LTE hotspot for the battlefield. https://www.bittium.com

  8. Zinno, S., Di Stasi, G., Avallone, S., & Ventre, G. (2018). On a fair coexistence of LTE and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed spectrum: A Survey. Computer Communications, 115, 35–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nartasilpa, N., Salim, A., Tuninetti, D., & Devroye, N. (2018). Communications system performance and design in the presence of radar interference. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 66(9), 4170–4185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wanis, M. M., Shaheen, E. M., & Samir, M. (2018). The impact of different jamming techniques on OFDM communication systems. In The international conference on electrical engineering, 2018, vol. 11, no. 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering ICEENG, pp. 1–14: Military Technical College.

  11. Shaheen, E. M. (2020). Performance of MIMO IEEE802.11n WLAN in presence of QPSK jammer with inphase/quadrature origin offsets. Wireless Personal Communications, 113(1), 555–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mousavi, H., Amiri, I. S., Mostafavi, M. A., & Choon, C. Y. (2019). LTE physical layer: Performance analysis and evaluation. Applied computing and informatics, 15(1), 34–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Shawqi, F. S., Audah, L., Hamdi, M. M., Hammoodi, Y. S. Fayyad, & Mohammed, A. H. (2020). An overview of OFDM-UWB 60 GHZ system in high order modulation schemes. In 2020 4th international symposium on multidisciplinary studies and innovative technologies (ISMSIT), pp. 1–6.

  14. Rawat, A., Kaushik, R., & Tiwari, A. (2021). An overview Of MIMO OFDM system for wireless communication. International Journal of Technical Research & Science, 6, 1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Vijay, C., Rao, G. S., & Kumar, M. V. (2019). Carrier frequency offset impact on LTE-OFDM systems. In G. Panda, S. C. Satapathy, B. Biswal, & R. Bansal (Eds.), Microelectronics, electromagnetics and telecommunications (pp. 401–408). Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Rao, R. S. S., & Malathi, P. (2019). A low complex cuckoo search optimizer based OFDM carrier frequency offset estimation for 5G wireless technology. International Journal of Dynamics and Control, 7, 1125–1134.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Spasov, D. (2020). Decoding of LTE Turbo codes initialized with the two recursive convolutional codes. In 2020 43rd international convention on information, communication and electronic technology (MIPRO), pp. 393–396.

  18. Adamu, M. J., Qiang, L., Zakariyya, R. S., Nyatega, C. O., Kawuwa, H. B., & Younis, A. (2021). An efficient turbo decoding and frequency domain turbo equalization for lte based narrowband internet of things (nb-iot) systems. Sensors, 21(16), 5351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Imzhagi, R. M., Putri, H., & Priyanto, H. D. (2022). Comparative analysis of TDD frame structure technology LTE-advanced (A case study in cibitung area Indonesia). Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 49(1), 141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Soderini, A. P., Thevenon, P., Macabiau, C., Borgagni, L., & Fischer, J. (2020). Pseudorange measurements with LTE physical channels. In Proceedings of the 2020 international technical meeting of the institute of navigation, pp. 817–829.

  21. Ota, K., Shimura, A., Sawahashi, M., Nagata, S. (2019). Performance of physical Cell ID detection probability considering frequency offset for NR radio interface. In 2019 IEEE 90th vehicular technology conference (VTC2019-Fall). pp. 1–6.

  22. Nyberg, S. (2016). Physical cell id allocation in cellular networks.Ed. Technical Report.

  23. Amuru, S., & Buehrer, R. M. (2015). Optimal jamming against digital modulation. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 10, 2212–2224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Rao, R. M., Ha, S., Marojevic, V., & Reed, J. H. (2017). LTE PHY layer vulnerability analysis and testing using open-source SDR tools. In MILCOM 2017–2017 IEEE military communications conference (MILCOM), pp. 744–749: IEEE.

  25. Shabana, G. H., Shaheen, E. M., & Samir, M. (2021). Emulation of optimized noise jamming impact on the LTE downlink using SystemVue. In 2021 tenth international conference on intelligent computing and information systems (ICICIS). pp. 105–115: IEEE.

  26. Shahriar, C., Sodagari, S., & Clancy, T. C. (2012). Performance of pilot jamming on MIMO channels with imperfect synchronization. In 2012 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pp. 898–902: IEEE.

  27. E. J. E. t. Lte (2009). Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA); base station (BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104 version 8.6. 0 release 8), July 2009. vol. 136, no. 104, p. V8.

  28. E. U. T. R. J. V. Access (2009). Physical channels and modulation, 3GPP TS 36.211,” vol. 2.

  29. T. J. G. T. ETSI. LTE: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), Physical Layer Procedures-corresponding to 3GPP TS36 213,” vol. 136, no. 213, p. V10.

  30. Abraham, A. M., Mathew, B. (2015). Analysis of LTE physical layer. ed: IJAREEIE.

  31. Takpor, T., & Idachaba, F. (2014). Analysis and simulation of LTE downlink and uplink transceiver. Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, 1, 150–155.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nandal, V., & Nandal, D. (2017). Improving the BER in LTE system using various modulation techniques over different fading channel. International Journal for Research in Technological Studies, 4, 5–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

There is no funding for this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

The first author is the main author with a contribution of 60% of the work. The second author contributed 30% of the work, while the third author contributed 10%.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ehab M. Shaheen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

I consent there are no competing interests.

Ethical Approval

I consent that issues about publication ethics about publication, copyright, authorship, figure formats, data, and references format have been appropriately considered;

Consent for Publication

I consent to the right of publication in the Wireless Personal Communications Journal.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shabana, G.H., Shaheen, E.M. & Soliman, M.S.A.L. The Impact of Diverse Jamming Schemes against LTE-Based Remote Detonation Devices. Wireless Pers Commun 137, 1773–1795 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11461-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-024-11461-0

Keywords

Navigation