From Cloud RAN to Open RAN | Wireless Personal Communications
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

From Cloud RAN to Open RAN

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the generic definitions, basic functionalities and current research trends in Cloud Radio Access Networks and its derivatives, Virtual Radio Access Networks and Open Radio Access Networks. Moreover, the paper provides practical results, insights, and lessons learned regarding the limitations and unforeseen issues of Radio Access Networks virtualization. The paper also discusses the potential developments and possibilities for commercial roll out of novel Radio Access Networks approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Japan)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rakovic, V., Ichkov, A., Marinova, S., Todorovski, D., Atanasovski, V., & Gavrilovska, L. (2017). Dynamic virtual resource allocation in virtualized multi-rat cellular networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 97(2), 1677–1692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang, K., Yang, K., & Magurawalage, C. S. (2018). Joint energy minimization and resource allocation in C-RAN with mobile cloud. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, 6(3), 760–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Harutyunyan, D., & Riggio, R. (2018). How to migrate from operational lte/lte-a networks to C-RAN with minimal investment? IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 15(4), 1503–1515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Alba, A. M., Basta, A., Velasquez, J. H. G., & Kellerer, W. (2018). A realistic coordinated scheduling scheme for the next-generation ran. In 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1–7.

  5. Alliance, O. R. (2018). Building the next generation ran, o-ran alliance, white paper, october 2018. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ad774cce74940d7115044b0/t/5bc79b371905f4197055e8c6/1539808057078/O-RAN+WP+FInal+181017.pdf.

  6. Foundation, L. (2018). Building the next generation ran, o-ran alliance, white paper, october 2018. Available: http://events.windriver.com/wrcd01/wrcm/2018/05/wp-accelerating-the-deployment-through-akraino-edge-stack.pdf

  7. Tonini, F., Raffaelli, C., Wosinska, L., & Monti, P. (2019). Cost-optimal deployment of a C-RAN with hybrid fiber/FSO fronthaul. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 11(7), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.11.000397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gavrilovska, L., Rakovic, V., Ichkov, A., Todorovski, D., & Marinova, S. (2017). Flexible C-RAN: Radio technology for 5g. In 2017 13th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Systems and Services in Telecommunications (TELSIKS), pp. 255–264.

  9. Tian, F., Yan, Z., Liang, X., & Zhang, P. (2018). Trusted cooperation among virtual base stations in C-RAN. IEEE Access, 6, 57787–57801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Checko, A., Christiansen, H. L., Yan, Y., Scolari, L., Kardaras, G., Berger, M. S., et al. (2015). Cloud ran for mobile networks—A technology overview. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 17(1), 405–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chaudhary, J. K., Zou, J., & Fettweis, G. (2018). Cost saving analysis in capacity-constrained C-RAN fronthaul. In 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1–7.

  12. Arouk, O., Turletti, T., Nikaein, N., & Obraczka, K. (2018). Cost optimization of cloud-ran planning and provisioning for 5G networks. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–6.

  13. Ghoreishi, S. E., Karamshuk, D., Friderikos, V., Sastry, N., Dohler, M., & Aghvami, A. H. (2019). A cost-driven approach to caching-as-a-service in cloud-based 5G mobile networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2019.2904061.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Schneir, J. R., Ajibulu, A., Konstantinou, K., Bradford, J., Zimmermann, G., Droste, H., et al. (2019). A business case for 5G mobile broadband in a dense urban area. Telecommunications Policy, 43(7), 101813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.03.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Dzogovic, B., Do, V. T., Feng, B., & van Do, T. (2018). Building virtualized 5g networks using open source software. In 2018 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), pp. 360–366.

  16. Chang, H., Qiu, B., Chiu, C., Chen, J., Lin, F.J., de la Bastida, D., et al. (2018). Performance evaluation of Open5GCore over KVM and Docker by using Open5GMTC. In NOMS 2018—2018 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pp. 1–6.

  17. Ramantas, K., Antonopoulos, A., Kartsakli, E., Mekikis, P., Vardakas, J., & Verikoukis, C. (2018). A C-RAN based 5G platform with a fully virtualized, SDN controlled optical/wireless fronthaul. In 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pp. 1–4.

  18. Khedher, H., Hoteit, S., Brown, P., Krishnaswamy, R., Diego, W., & Veque, V. (2019). Processing time evaluation and prediction in cloud-ran. In ICC 2019—2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–6.

  19. Lee, C., Lee, M., Wu, J., & Chang, W. (2018). A feasible 5G cloud-ran architecture with network slicing functionality. In 2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC), pp. 442–449.

  20. Luo, Y., Huang, S., Chou, J., & Chen, B. (2018). A computation workload characteristic study of C-RAN. In 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp. 1599–1603.

  21. Gavrilovska, L., Rakovic, V., & Denkovski, D. (2018). Aspects of resource scaling in 5G-MEC: Technologies and opportunities. In 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1–6.

  22. Abbas, N., Zhang, Y., Taherkordi, A., & Skeie, T. (2018). Mobile edge computing: A survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(1), 450–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Solozabal, R., Sanchoyerto, A., Atxutegi, E., Blanco, B., Fajardo, J. O., & Liberal, F. (2018). Exploitation of mobile edge computing in 5G distributed mission-critical push-to-talk service deployment. IEEE Access, 6, 37665–37675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Xia, W., Quek, T. Q. S., Zhang, J., Jin, S., & Zhu, H. (2019). Programmable hierarchical C-RAN: From task scheduling to resource allocation. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18(3), 2003–2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2019.2901684.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Coronado, E., Khan, S. N., & Riggio, R. (2019). 5G-empower: A software-defined networking platform for 5G radio access networks. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 16(2), 715–728. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2019.2908675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. ETSI. http://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/nfv.

  27. ONF. https://www.opennetworking.org/sdn-resources/technical-library.

  28. MEF. https://mef.net/resources/technical-specifications.

  29. NFV, O.: https://www.opnfv.org.

  30. 3GPP. https://www.3gpp.org/news-events/1951-sa5_5g.

  31. IEEE. https://standards.ieee.org/develop/wg/NGFI.html.

  32. IEEE. http://www.ieee1904.org/3/tf3_home.shtml.

  33. IEEE. http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1Q.html.

  34. IEEE. http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1cm.html.

  35. IEEE. https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/1588-2008.html.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Karpos 2 bb, 1000, Skopje, North Macedonia

    Liljana Gavrilovska, Valentin Rakovic & Daniel Denkovski

Authors
  1. Liljana Gavrilovska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Valentin Rakovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniel Denkovski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Valentin Rakovic.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gavrilovska, L., Rakovic, V. & Denkovski, D. From Cloud RAN to Open RAN. Wireless Pers Commun 113, 1523–1539 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07231-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07231-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation