No-Zero-Entry Space-Time Block Codes Over Time-Selective Fading Channels for MIMO Systems | Wireless Personal Communications Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

No-Zero-Entry Space-Time Block Codes Over Time-Selective Fading Channels for MIMO Systems

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In MIMO systems, space-time block code (STBC) is good solution for improving system performance. Among the STBCs, coordinate interleaved orthogonal designs (CIODs) combined with QR-decomposition-based decision-feedback decoding (QR-DDF) allow achieving good performance for time-selective fading channels. However, half of entries in codeword matrix of CIODs are zeros. These zero entries result in high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and also impose a severe constraint on hardware implementation of the code when turning off some of the transmitting antennas whenever a zero is transmitted. In this paper, we propose a new design of space-time block codes without zero entry in codeword matrix (NZE-STBCs) for time-selective fading channels. The main advantage of the proposed NZE-STBCs is that its peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) is 3 dB lower than that of CIODs, and its hardware implementation is also easier due to eliminating on-off switchers without sacrificing performance. Moreover, similar as CIODs, the proposed NZE-STBCs can use low complexity QR-DDF decoder over time-selective fading channels to enhance performance and reduce decoding complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed NZE-STBCs outperform CIODs for three transmit antennas while performing the same for two and four transmit antennas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
¥17,985 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Japan)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tarokh, V., Seshadri, N., & Calderbank, A. R. (1998). Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: performance criterion and code construction. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 44, 744–765.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Alamouti, S. M. (1998). A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16, 1451–1458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tarokh, V., Jafarkhani, H., & Calderbank, A. R. (1999). Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 45, 1456–1467.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Jafarkhani, H. (2001). A quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes. IEEE Transaction on Communication, 49, 1–4.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Tirkkonen, O., Boariu, A., & Hottinen, A. (2000). Minimal non-orthogonality rate 1 space-time block code for 3-Tx antennas. In Proceedings of IEEE interntional symposium spread spectrum techniques and applications (ISSSTA’00) (pp. 429–432). NJ, Sep. 6–8, 2000

  6. Papadias, C. B., & Foschini, G. J. (Mar. 2003). Capacity-approaching space-time codes for systems employing four transmitter antennas. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 49, 726–732.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sharma, N., & Papadias, C. B. (Mar. 2003). Improved quasi-orthogonal codes through constellation rotation. IEEE Transaction on Communications, 51, 332–335.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Su, W., & Xia, X.-G. (Oct. 2004). Signal constellations for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 50, 2331–2347.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Khan, M. Z. A., & Rajan, B. S. (2002). Space-time block codes from co-ordinate interleaved orthogonal designs. In Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on information theory (ISIT). Lausanne, Switzerland :

  10. Khan, M. Z. A., & Rajan, B. S. (2006). Single-symbol maximum-likelihood decodable linear STBCs. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52(5), 2062–2091.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Yuen, C., Guan, Y. L., & Tjhung, T. T. (2008). Power-balanced orthogonal space-time block code. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(5), 3304–3309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yuen, C., Guan, Y. L., & Tjhung, T. T. (2005). Quasi-orthogonal STBC with minimum decoding complexity. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 4(5), 2089–2094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang, H., Wang, D., & Xia, X. G. (2009). On optimal quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with minimum decoding complexity. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 55(3), 1104–1130.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Sinnokrot, M. O., & Barry, J. R. (2009). A single-symbol-decodable space-time block code with full rate and low peak-to-average power ratio. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(5), 2242–2246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee, H.-J. (Dec. 2007). Wireless systems incorporating full-diversity single-symbol decodable space-time block codes: Performance evaluations and developments. In Doctor Dissertation. The University of Texas, Austin

  16. Jakes, W. C. (1974). Microwave mobile communication. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dayal, P., & Varanasi, M. K. (May 2005). Maximal diversity algebraic space-time codes with low peak-to-mean power ratio. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 51(5), 1691–1708.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Radio-Electronics, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Van-Bien Pham

  2. Department of Communication Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

    Wei-Xing Sheng

Authors
  1. Van-Bien Pham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wei-Xing Sheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Van-Bien Pham.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pham, VB., Sheng, WX. No-Zero-Entry Space-Time Block Codes Over Time-Selective Fading Channels for MIMO Systems. Wireless Pers Commun 75, 35–47 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1339-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1339-x

Keywords