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A full duplex LG modes enabled millimeter-wave based FSO communication system for disaster zone

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Abstract

Free space optical (FSO) communication is a wireless alternative to fiber-based communication as it may provide a backbone emergency communication link in disaster-hit areas. This paper proposes a full duplex millimeter wave (mm-wave) enabled FSO system to provide a high data rate communication link for search and rescue operations. The proposed system consists of a central unit which is connected to multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) through an optical-amplify and forward relay over an FSO channel represented by Log-Normal channel model. An optical comb is generated and Laguerre-Gaussian modes of each wavelength of the optical comb are exploited to carry 10 Gbps differential phase shift keying modulated signals. 60 GHz mm-wave signals are generated at the remote UAVs by employing optical heterodyne detection for downlink transmission towards the user equipment. For the uplink transmission, a dedicated wavelength is used to carry 10 Gbps on-off keying baseband data for live streaming of the disaster-hit area. Furthermore, a single hop scheme is employed to counter the non-line of sight issue of the FSO link. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated under different weather conditions and refractive index structure parameter values. A maximum distance of 3.3 km is achieved for clear sky under low turbulence conditions. Moreover, the effect of misalignment due to hovering of the UAVs on the system performance is also investigated and tolerance in the x (horizontal) and y (vertical) directions is observed at the forward error correction BER limit of \(10^{-9}\). The simulation results reveal that the proposed system has the potential to provide reliable and quick emergency communication services in disaster-struck areas.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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No funding was received for this work.

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Author notes

  1. Saeed Iqbal, Aadil Raza, Mohammad Kaleem, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Adeel and Salman Ghafoor have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Barani Institute of Information Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Saeed Iqbal

  2. Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Aadil Raza

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Mohammad Kaleem

  4. Department of Computer Science, National University of Technology (NUTECH), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Iqbal

  5. Centres of Excellence in Science and Applied Technologies (CESAT), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Adeel

  6. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong

    Muhammad Adeel

  7. SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Salman Ghafoor

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  1. Saeed Iqbal
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Correspondence to Salman Ghafoor.

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Iqbal, S., Raza, A., Kaleem, M. et al. A full duplex LG modes enabled millimeter-wave based FSO communication system for disaster zone. Wireless Netw 30, 961–971 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03526-y

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