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A value parity combination based scheme for retinal images watermarking

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Abstract

In order to improve the security of images exchanged in telemedicine, we propose in this paper, 2 watermarking schemes for retinal image protection; each scheme will be declined into 2 variants. The integration of the watermark will be performed by combining the parity of the successive values; each variant will represent a different combination. These approaches will be implemented in the three insertion domains: spatial, frequency and multi-resolution domain. For the spatial domain, the watermark will be integrated into the R, G and B values of the image. In the frequency domain, the watermark bits will be substituted to the DCT coefficient’s least significant bit. For the multi-resolution domain insertion, after calculating a DWT, the obtained LL sub-band coefficients will be used for the integration process. After comparing our approaches to the different recent works in the three domains; the obtained results demonstrate that our first proposed approach offers a good imperceptibility for the frequency and spatial domains insertion. However, using 512 × 512 images for our experiments considerably reduces the capacity of our approach in the frequency domain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology Laboratory (LINATI), Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    Fares Kahlessenane, Amine Khaldi, Med Redouane Kafi & Salah Euschi

  2. Laboratories of Automation and Signals of Annaba (LASA), Electronics Department, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria

    Narima Zermi

Authors
  1. Fares Kahlessenane
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  2. Amine Khaldi
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  3. Med Redouane Kafi
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  4. Narima Zermi
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  5. Salah Euschi
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Correspondence to Amine Khaldi.

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Kahlessenane, F., Khaldi, A., Kafi, M.R. et al. A value parity combination based scheme for retinal images watermarking. Opt Quant Electron 53, 161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02793-3

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