Abstract
In many real-world engineering design optimization problems, objective function evaluations are very time costly and often conducted by solving partial differential equations. Gradients of the objective functions can be obtained as a byproduct. Naturally, these problems can be solved more efficiently if gradient information is used. This paper studies how to do expensive multiobjective optimization when gradients are available. We propose a method, called MOEA/D–GEK, which combines MOEA/D and gradient-enhanced kriging. The gradients are used for building kriging models. Experimental studies on a set of test instances and an engineering problem of aerodynamic design optimization for a transonic airfoil show the high efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed method.




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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project, Ministry of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2018AAA0101301) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61876163).
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Liu, F., Zhang, Q. & Han, Z. MOEA/D with gradient-enhanced kriging for expensive multiobjective optimization. Nat Comput 22, 329–339 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-022-09907-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-022-09907-0