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Upscaling factor estimation on double JPEG compressed images

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Abstract

Resampling detection is one of the most important topics in image forensics. Some methods can even estimate the resampling factors. However, it remains a challenge on the post-compressed images because the JPEG compression destroys the statistical characteristics of the resampled images which greatly affect the detection ability. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the upscaling factors of double JPEG compressed images in the presence of image upscaling between the two compressions. Both of the pre-compression and the post-compression have a great impact on the estimation. We first analyze the pre-compressed image upscaling and find that the peaks produced by the pre-compression will be suppressed by the post-compression. Therefore, the post-compression has a greater impact than the pre-compression. Through analyzing the influence of post-compression and the causes of the periodic JPEG peaks, we find that the image block estimation can effectively reduce the influence of JPEG block artifacts. To further improve the detection ability, a Gaussian filtering model is developed to deal with JPEG block artifacts and a detector which can more effective extract resampling characteristic is proposed to estimate the upscaling factor. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed detection method outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1736118 and No. U1636202), the Key Areas R&D Program of Guangdong (No. 2019B010136002 and No. 2019B010139003), the Key Scientific Research Program of Guangzhou (No. 201804020068), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (No. 2016A030313350), the Special Funds for Science and Technology Development of Guangdong (No. 2016KZ010103), Shenzhen R&D Program, the Open Fund of GuangDong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology (No. 2017B030314131).

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  1. School of Data and Computer Science, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing (Ministry of Education), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Xianjin Liu, Wei Lu, Yingjie Xue & Yuileong Yeung

  2. State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Wei Lu

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  1. Xianjin Liu
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Liu, X., Lu, W., Xue, Y. et al. Upscaling factor estimation on double JPEG compressed images. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 12891–12914 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08519-8

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