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Research on watermarking payload under the condition of keeping JPEG image transparency

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Abstract

This work focuses on the problem of maximum watermarking payload under the condition of keeping image transparency. The maximum watermarking payload of JPEG images is influenced by internal factors such as the size, complexity and visual sensitivity of images, as well as external factors including embedding operators, carrier frequency bands and embedding intensity, etc. Through the construction of payload mathematical model, theoretic analysis and experimental derivation we propose an estimation method of maximum watermarking payload based on the DCT coefficients. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method has been demonstrated in our experiments by adopting two embedding operators and three carrier frequency bands. Our results show, in comparison with previously related work, the proposed method can be more practical.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61573316, 61373131, 61272310, 61170271) and the ZheJiang province Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LY15F020032, LQ15E050006), PAPD, and CICAEET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer Science and Technology, ZheJiang University of Technology, Hang Zhou, ZheJiang, 310023, China

    Jia-Fa Mao, Wei-Guo Sheng, Ya-Hong Hu, Gang Xiao & Li-Nan Zhu

  2. Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Zhi-Guo Qu

  3. School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Zhi-Guo Qu

  4. Information Security Center, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, BeiJing, 100876, China

    Xin-Xin Niu

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  1. Jia-Fa Mao
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Correspondence to Jia-Fa Mao.

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Mao, JF., Sheng, WG., Hu, YH. et al. Research on watermarking payload under the condition of keeping JPEG image transparency. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 8423–8448 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3477-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3477-0

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