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Sea water quality monitoring using remote sensing techniques: a case study in Tangier-Ksar Sghir coastline

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Abstract

Water quality is an extremely important factor as it affects the ecological balance of ecosystems and the development of the social and economic wellbeing of the countries bordering it. Remote sensing multiconcept helps to understand the natural environment, managing water resources and assessing water pollution on local and regional levels. Landsat 8 data were used to monitor coastal water quality in the region of Tangier-Ksar Sghir. The main purpose of the current study is to establish a mathematical relationship between the amount of light emitted from the water bodies and the measured water parameters. The results permit to create a spatial distribution maps for the water quality parameters. The present work study three water parameters: total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved sediments (TDS). Thirty-four sampling points were used to represent water parameters measurements along the coastline. The 75% of the in situ measurements were used to build the statistical models by using the spectral characteristics obtained from the sensors, while the remaining 25% were used for testing the accuracy of the developed equations. For the correlation analysis and the regression development, the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used. The final results of the statistical analysis showed a high correlation between the calculated data and the observed ones with R2 ˃ 0.713 and p value ˂ 0.001. The obtained values showed a high accuracy as well (RMSE ranging between 0.23 and 0.69 and SEE ranging between 0.01 and 0.47). SNAP software and Qgis were used to do the image processing and to create the spatial distribution maps for the water parameters in the coastline of Tangier-Ksar Sghir region.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the efforts of all researchers who have worked hard to advance knowledge and improve outcomes of water quality assessment using remote sensing. We also thank the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Alcalà de Henares University (UAH) in Madrid as well as the National Office of Food Safety (ONSSA) in Tangier for providing us with materials and equipment for this work.

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  1. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier, Morocco

    Imane Bourouhou & Farida Salmoun

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  1. Imane Bourouhou
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  2. Farida Salmoun
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Correspondence to Imane Bourouhou.

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Bourouhou, I., Salmoun, F. Sea water quality monitoring using remote sensing techniques: a case study in Tangier-Ksar Sghir coastline. Environ Monit Assess 193, 557 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09242-4

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